Nonunion is incomplete healing of fracture and fracture that lacks potential to heal without further intervention. Nonunion commonly presents with persistent pain, swelling, or instability. Those symptoms affect patient quality of life. It is known that using low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for fresh fractures promotes healing. However, effectiveness of LIPUS for nonunion is still controversial. If LIPUS is prove to be effective for healing nonunion, it can potentially provide an alternative to surgery. In addition, we can reduce costs by treating nonunion with LIPUS than performing revision surgery. The two authors carried out a systematic search of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library. Meta-analysis of healing rate in nonunion and delayed union patients who underwent LIPUS was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) instruction method using a random effects model.Introduction and Objective
Materials and Methods
