The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical effects of the trapezius transfer and the latissimus dorsi transfer in a cadaveric model of a massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tear. Eight cadaveric shoulders were tested at 0°, 30°, and 60° of abduction in the scapular plane with anatomically based muscle loading. Humeral rotational range of motion and the amount of humeral rotation due to muscle loading were measured. Glenohumeral kinematics and joint reaction forces were measured throughout the range of motion. After testing in the intact condition, the supraspinatus and infraspinatus were resected, simulating a massive rotator cuff tear. The lower trapezius transfer was then performed. Three muscle loading conditions for the trapezius (12N, 24N, 36N) were applied to simulate a lengthened graph as a result of excessive creep, a properly tensioned graph exerting a force proportional to the cross-sectional area of the inferior trapezius, and an over-constrained graph respectively. Next the latissimus dorsi transfer was performed and tested with one muscle loading condition 24N. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.Background:
Methods:
To compare the clinical outcomes of bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) allografts sterilised through a novel sterilisation system with aseptically processed BTB allografts for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The following hypotheses were also tested: (1) the cumulative score of the IKDC is not significantly different in the sterilised treatment group than in the aseptic control group, (2) the proportion of normal laxity in patients, as measured by the KT 2000 arthrometer, is not significantly different in the sterilised group than in the aseptic control group. A total of 76 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction were randomised into one of two intervention groups, BioCleanse¯-sterilised or Aseptic BTB allografts, at 6 independent investigation sites. Post-op examiners and patients were blinded to graft type. Patients were evaluated at 6 months (44 of the 76), 12 months (20 of the 76), and 24 months (27 of the 76) with KT-2000, IKDC scores, and Flexion and Extension Range of Motion (ROM) analysis. Inclusion criteria included an acute, isolated, unilateral ACL tear and exclusion criteria included prior ACL injury, multiligament reconstruction, and signs of degenerative joint disease.Objective
Methods
We studied the origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis using 40 fresh frozen human cadaver specimens. Ten were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and trichrome which showed the collagenous structure of the extensor tendons at their origin. Gross anatomical observation showed that there was no definitive separation between brevis and communis at the osseotendinous junction. The histological findings confirmed the lack of separation between the two tendons. The extensor tendons were in close proximity to the joint capsule but trichrome staining showed no interdigitation of the tendon with the capsule. The validity of ascribing the pain of lateral epicondylitis to extensor carpi radialis brevis must be questioned. It appears to arise more from the ‘common extensor’ origin.
