Bone and joint infection (BJI) is often characterized by severe inflammation and progressive bone destruction. Osteocytes are the most numerous and long-lived bone cell type, and therefore represent a potentially important long-term reservoir of bacterial infection. SaOS2 cells (1 ×104 cells/cm2) were grown to confluence either without differentiation, representing an osteoblast-like (OB) state (SaOS2-OB) or differentiated to an osteocyte-like stage (SaOS2-OY), using established methods. Four Introduction
Methods
This study aimed to quantify self-reported outcomes and walking gait biomechanics in patients following primary and revision THA. The specific goals of this study were to investigate: (i) if primary and revision THA patients have comparable preoperative outcomes; and (2) if revision THA patients have worse postoperative outcomes than primary THA patients. Forty-three patients undergoing primary THA for osteoarthritis and 23 patients undergoing revision THA were recruited and followed longitudinally for their first 12 postoperative months. Reasons for revision were loosening (73%), dislocation (9%), and infection (18%). Patients completed the Hip dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), and underwent gait analysis preoperatively, and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. A 10 camera motion analysis system (V5 Vantage, Vicon, UK) recorded marker trajectories (100 Hz) during walking at self- selected speeds. A generic lower-body musculoskeletal model (Gait2392) was scaled using principal component analysis [1] and the inverse kinematics tool in Opensim 3.3 was used to compute joint angles for the lower limbs in the sagittal plane. Independent samples t-test were used to compare patient reported outcomes between the primary and revision groups at each timepoint. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare gait patterns between the two groups at each timepoint. Preoperatively, patients undergoing primary THA reported significantly worse pain (p<0.001), symptoms (p<0.001), function (p<0.001), and quality of life (p=0.004). No differences were observed at 3 and 12 months postoperatively between patients who had received a primary or revision THA. The only observed difference in gait pattern was that patients with a revision THA had reduced hip extension at 3 months, but no differences were observed preoperatively and 12 months. Despite the suggestions in the literature that revision THA is bound to have worse outcomes compared to primary THA, we found no differences in in patient-reported outcomes and gait patterns at 12 months postoperatively. This suggests that it may be possible, in some circumstances, for patients following revision THA to achieve similar outcomes to their peers undergoing primary THA.
