Specifically designed control interventions can account for expectation effects in clinical trials. For the interpretation of efficacy trials of physical, psychological, and self-management interventions for people living with pain, the design, conduct, and reporting of control interventions is crucial. To establish a quality standard in the field, core recommendations are presented alongside additional considerations and a reporting checklist for control interventions.Background
Objectives
Strengthening the lumbar extensor musculature is a common recommendation for CLBP. Although reported as effective, variability in response in CLBP populations is not well investigated. This study investigated variability in responsiveness to isolated lumbar extension (ILEX) resistance training in CLBP participants by retrospective analysis of 3 RCTS. Data from 77 intervention participants was available (males = 43, females = 34) 37 control participants (males = 20, females = 17). Intervention participants all underwent 12wks of ILEX resistance training and changes in ILEX strength, pain (VAS) and disability (ODI) measured. True inter-individual response variability was examined through calculation of difference in the standard deviation of change scores for both control and intervention. Intervention participants were classified into using Purpose and Background
Methods and Results
Low Back Pain and Neck Pain rank 1 and 4 on the causes of years lost to disability (YLDs) in the UK. Treatment options are broad including popular approaches such as chiropractic care but with NHS funding limited to recent initiatives such as Any Qualified Provider (AQP). Eleven chiropractic practices with AQP contracts took part in the study. As part of routine clinical practice, patients are entered onto a web based patient reported outcome system that sends automated e mails links to questionnaires, prior to the initial visit (includes the Bournemouth Questionnaire (BQ) and STarT Back, and at 14, 30 and 90 days (BQ and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC)). Data from subjects consenting for such use were used in the analysis.Background:
Method:
