Patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) stand in the danger, a particularly high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Fondaparinux and edoxaban, which inhibit FXa, indirectly and directly, respectively, have been used for prevention of VTE after THA in Japan. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of fondaparinux and edoxaban for VTE after elective THA in Japanese patients. We randomly assigned 320 patients underdoing elective cemented THA to receive postoperative 2.5 mg fondaparinux once daily for first postoperative 3 days and 1.5 mg once daily for the subsequent 7 days (FPX group) [1], postoperative 15 mg edoxaban once daily for postoperative 10 days (EDO15mg group), 30 mg edoxaban once daily for postoperative 10 days (EDO30mg group), and 30 mg edoxaban once daily for first postoperative 3 days and 15 mg once daily for the subsequent 7 days (EDOmix group). Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was diagnosed by ultrasonography at postoperative day 3 and 14. Computed tomography to detect pulmonary thromboembolism was performed to all patients who had proximal DVTs. The χ2 test with Bonferroni correction was used to compare variables of the incidence of DVT between each group. The intention-to-treat analysis was performed for statistical analysis in each group. The EDO30 mg group and EDOmix group were regarded as one group in the assessment at the postoperative day 3, and named as the EDO30mg+mix group.Introduction
Materials and methods
Macrophages phagocytes implant wear debris and produce various cytokines to evoke inflammation and periprosthetic osteolysis of aseptic loosening. It had been reported that expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and other TLRs increased in periprosthetic tissues of aseptic loosening. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) have been known as ligands of TLRs and considered to be involved in the osteolytic reactions TLR1, TLR2, TLR6, NLRP3, TNF-α and IL-1β of macrophages in aseptic loose periprosthetic tissues were immnohistorically evaluated and compared to osteoarthritic synovium. RAW264.7 cells, macrophagic cell line, were stimulated by titanium particles (Ti) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-coated Ti. The celluar reaction associated with TLR2 and NLRP3 and the correlation of them were analyzed at mRNA expression levels with small-interfering RNA of Introduction
Materials and methods
Biologic agents (BIO) drastically changed the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy from starting to use biologics at 2003 in Japan. The rate of orthopaedic surgery, especially total joint arthroplasty (TJA) may reflect trends in disease severity, management and health outcomes. We surveyed the number and rate of orthopaedic surgeries and TJA in RA treatment with BIO in the last decade, so called BIO-era.Objectives
Methods
