The traditional Kocher approach for lateral elbow exposure is often complicated by injury to the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) and the lateral ulnar collateral ligamentous (LUCL). Kaplan approach is less commonly used, due to its known proximity to the PIN. Extensor Digitorum Communis (EDC) splitting approach allows possible wide surgical exposure and low risk of LUCL damage. The comparison of PIN injury during surgical dissection among these 3 common lateral approaches was not previously evaluated. We aim to determine the anatomical proximity of the PIN in these 3 common lateral elbow approaches and to define a safe zone of dissection for the surgical exposure. Cadaveric dissections of 9 pairs of fresh frozen adult upper extremities were performed using EDC splitting, Kaplan and Kocher approach to the radial head sequentially in a randomised order. The radial head and PIN were exposed. A mark was made on the radial head upon the initial exposure during dissection. Measurements from the marked point of the radial head to the PIN were made. Study has been approved by the ethics committee.Background
Methods
Neurological deficits resulting from spinal cord compression occur infrequently. When presented with neurological compromise, the most common management was radiotherapy, with surgery only being offered to patients who developed neurological deficit or pathological fracture resulting in unresolved severe pain post radiotherapy. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been reported to have a higher incidence of distant metastases to the spine. This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence, presentation and management of neurological involvement related to spinal metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Summary
Introduction
