The treatment of high energy fractures of distal tibia by internal fixation is followed by a high rate of soft tissue complications.

The result estimation of these fractures in a two stage treatment, bridging the ankle by Ex-Fix with/without internal fixation of the fibula and internal fixation of the tibia after soft tissue recovery

In a 4 year period (2005–8), 15 patients, average of 42 years were treated. The AO fracture classification was followed. The soft tissue damage estimation (Osternn-Tscherne and Gustillo classification), the fracture pattern of the fibula and the injury mechanism consisted of the choice method criteria. The majority of the injuries was classified Tscherne II & III, and 3 open fractures Gustillo II. Fracture reduction was performed by bridging Ex-Fix of the ankle with/without plating the fibula with a 1/3 or DCP 3.5 mm plate. Definite internal fixation of the tibia by locking plate was performed from 8th –14th postoperative day after soft tissue recovery. Preoperatively CT scan was performed with grate significance, defining the soft tissue condition, the surgical approach and the osteosynthesis type.

Follow up average 14 months. None of the patients developed infection. All wounds were healed in one stage. Superficial skin necrosis was conservatively treated in two patients.

Soft tissue complications, after internal fixation of high energy fractures of the distal tibial, usually appear. Two stages treatment allows better preoperative planning, immediate patient mobilization and reduce complication rate

Introduction: The treatment of injuries involving the acetabulum is challenging. Letournel classification system is the most popular and the most widely accepted, but difficult to be applied. The pattern of the fracture depends on the number of the fracture lines identified on the AP and Judet radiographic views.

Materials and Methods: 147 patients were randomly selected from our acetabular fracture database, which includes 615 patients who have been treated in our institution during the last 25 years and were divided into eight subgroups.

Each group represented all types of acetabular fractures and each patient had a radiographic evaluation of an AP view of the pelvis and two 458 oblique views (Judet views). All X-rays were assessed by eight orthopaedic surgeons in two sessions.

In the first session were asked by the orthopedic surgeons to classify the fractures according to the Letournel classification and a diagram showing the six important radiological Lines. During the second session, that followed six weeks after the first session, the same X-ray pack was given to the same surgeons with different ranking and numbering. In addition a table-algorithm was given to the surgeons with the 10 types of fractures according to the Letournel classification divided in three groups in accordance with the integrity of ilioischial and iliopectineal lines that we accept as basic lines and instructions on the integrity/interruption of one or both of the basic lines and the obturator ring.

Results: Comparison of the two sessions or of the two phase’s observation was accomplished by the use of two parameters; Initially, the proportion of agreement of all observers in the first and second observation phase was assessed taking our diagnosis as the ‘gold’ standard. The unweighted kappa coefficient was utilised to estimate the observers’ agreement arising from the examination of the given X-rays. Finally, the agreement of the observers, related to the intraoperative diagnosis was estimated. The main finding of the herein study lies on the improvement of the agreement rate experienced within both groups, in session B over session A. It is reasonable to assume that the main reason behind this result is the provision of the guideline algorithm protocol in the second session. The total agreement rate was increased from 59.9% in session A to 72.1% in session B, (pvalue = 0.0267).

Conclusion: The application of the proposed algorithm to the Letournel classification system in conjunction to surgical experience, improves the ability to classify even the most complex acetabular fractures.

Aim of this study: The aim of this prospective study was the evaluation of the results of intramedullary nailing with mild reaming for the treatment of closed tibial fractures.

Patients and Method: During the period 2001–2003 a total of 22 closed tibial fractures were managed. Fractures were classified according to the AO system. The method of treatment was determined by the degree of comminution at the fracture site as well as of the presence or not of intact fibula. Dynamic nailing was performed for the treatment of 9 fractures type A, static nailing following dynamization in 4–6 weeks with the presence of radiological callus formation was performed for the treatment of 5 fractures type B with > 50% comminution and dynamic nailing was performed for the treatment of 8 fractures type B with < 50% comminution. In 2 cases with intact fibula (A31, B21) osteotomy of the fibula performed at the same time. The mean size of the reaming was 11mm for the total of cases.

Results: The mean union time was 16 weeks, no infection or mechanical failure was recorded. Two cases of non-union were recorded (patient under anti-depression therapy and fracture type B23 in a patient with bilateral tibial fracture). Revision nailing were performed for these two cases (union in 14 and 16 weeks respectively).

Conclusion: Intramedullary nailing with limited reaming is a valuable method for the management of closed tibial fractures, especially in high energy fractures. Osteotomy of the tibia improves the mechanical environment at the fracture site.

Purpose of this study is to compare the two techniques, [sliding nail plate, or locking intramedullary nail type ã], and to estimate their results of the surgical treatment of the subtrochanteric fractures of the femur.

Material and methods. From the January 1999 till December 2002, 38 subtrochanteric fractures patients have been operated in our clinic. According to the classification of AO/ASIF 12 of them were type A, 18 were type B and 8 type C. 28 patients were female & 10 male, aged from 41 to 90 years (mean 85 years old). 22 of cases were followed up for at least 6 months up to 20 months. 5 of the patients died for reasons other than the fracture itself and its treatment. The remaining 11 cases failed to appear for a follow-up.

They were all surgically treated. In 8 cases we performed the 135 DHS nailing and in the 21 cases the 95 DCP nailing. In the remaining 9 fracture cases we performed intramedullary nail type ã nail. In some cases, (plaiting – surgery) we used allograft. There were no intrasurgical complications.

Two material breakages, [failure], occurred as post-surgical complication [95 DCP), the one was treated with locking intramedullary nail type ã, and the other with prosthetic replacement [ Thomson].

The patients started moving immediately, although they used partial wait bearing in a period of 3 days to 6 weeks, depending on the type of fracture and internal fixation. The operation lasted from 3/4h up to 2h and we transfused from 1 to 3 blood units (mean 2,5)..

Results were better with locking intramedullary nail, than with any type of plating, [biological advantages – less failure].

Conclusion. All subtrocanteric fractures should be treated by stable internal fixation. Our recent experience with the new undreamed AO nail, and its versatile proximal locking has been very favorable.