Genetic factors and impairment of central nervous system (CNS) are known factors in aetiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. MRI pathology of CNS (brain asymmetry, syringomyelia) was found. Perinatal pathology could cause damage of CNS.

Material and method: Perinatal risk factors are evaluated in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis – AIS group (39 patients) compared with normal individuals – N (28 persons).

In the AIS group, the mean onset of right thoracic curve was 12,2 years, apex vertebrae were T7 – T11 (T8 in 8 cases, T8–9 in 5, T9 in 12 cases), mean Cobb angle measured 49,0 degrees (SD 14,500), thoracic kyphosis T3-T12 19,9 (SD 12,167), lumbar lordosis T12-S1 –53,1 (SD 8,338).

A questionnaire was created to identify parental age, diseases, mother diseases and remedies during pregnancy, pregnancy duration, child resuscitation, childbirth pathology, incubator, jaundice duration, diseases during the first year of life, beginning of sitting and standing, right or left handing. Results have been processed by software Statistica 7.1. StatSoft, Inc. (2005). For evaluation of potential difference between AIS and N groups two-sample t-test for continuous parameters was used. Two-sample t-test and Fisher test were testing the hypothesis that the values of parameters make no difference between two groups (on the 0,05 significant level).

Results: More children who required an incubator were found in AIS group – 4, N group – 1 (statistically insignificant). We found these statistically significant differences:

- Occurrence of familiar scoliosis in AIS group – nine out of 39, 0 in N group.

Conclusion: These finding confirm the importance of genetic factors and support the influence of CNS dysbalance factors in early childhood. The earlier sitting (in AIS group) could start the dysbalance of postural motor system. Further studies are necessary.