The aim of our study was to compare the incidence of post-operative anterior knee discomfort after anterograde tibial nailing by suprapatellar and infrapatellar approaches.

95 subjects presenting with a tibial fracture requiring an intramedullary nail were randomised to treatment using a suprapatellar (SP) or infrapatellar (IP) approach. Anterior knee discomfort was assessed at 4 months, 6 months and 1 year post operatively using the Aberdeen Weightbearing Test-Knee (AWT-K), knee specific patient reported outcome measures and the VAS pain score. The AWT-K is an objective measure which uses weight transmitted through the knee when kneeling as a surrogate for anterior knee discomfort.

53 patients were randomised to an SP approach and 42 to an IP approach. AWT-K results showed a greater mean proportion of weight transmitted through the injured leg compared to the uninjured leg when kneeling in the SP group compared to the IP group at all time points at all follow-up visits. This reached significance at 4 months for all time points except 30 seconds. It also reached significance at 6 months at 0 seconds and 1 year at 60 seconds.

We conclude that the SP approach for anterograde tibial nailing reduces anterior knee discomfort post operatively compared to the IP approach.

This prospective Randomised Controlled Trial compared two surgical approaches with respect to accuracy of guidewire and tibial nail position.

Sixty-seven patients with tibial fractures were randomised to semi-extended (SE) or standard (S) approaches of nail insertion. Fluoroscopy was performed at guidewire insertion and final nail position. The SE approach is more proximal with the guidewire inserted posterior to the patella, theoretically allowing a better angle for more accurate nail placement.

Measurements were taken in the Anteroposterior and lateral planes of both the nail and guidewire to determine deviation from the optimal angle of insertion (relative to the long axes of the tibial shaft). Thirty-nine and twenty-eight patients were treated with semiextended and standard approaches respectively.

The semiextended approach resulted in improved nail placement to statistical significance in both planes, with mean deviation from the optimal angle of insertion as below:

Guidewire AP 3.2° (SE) versus 4° (S) Lateral 27.1° (SE) versus 30.2° (S)

Nail AP 2.4° (SE) versus 4.2° (S) Lateral 17.9° (SE) versus 21.8° (S)

Poor positioning of the guidewire leads to excessive anterior placement of the nail by eccentric reaming. Anterior positioning of the guidewire and nail in the lateral plane was assessed. This was expressed as a percentage from the anterior cortex of the tibia.

Guidewire: Lateral 9.7% (SE) versus 9.3% (S)

Nail: Lateral 23.4% (SE) 19.3% (S) (p 0.043)

Semiextended nailing allows a better angle for guidewire placement and a more optimal final nail position. This facilitates accurate nail placement particularly in difficult proximal third fractures.

Failure to treat acute compartment syndrome (ACS) early leads to significant morbidity. Current practice depends on using clinical signs and intracompartmental pressure (ICP) monitoring to diagnose the syndrome but there is still debate regarding their accuracy and interpretation.

Patients admitted with injuries at risk of ACS underwent intramuscular (IM) pH and ICP monitoring combined with regular clinical assessment. Fasciotomies were performed on those with clinical and/or pressure based evidence of ACS. All patients were subsequently assessed for evidence of a missed ACS at at 6 & 12 months.

Of the 62 patients, 51 completed the protocol and were included in the analysis. They were divided into 2 groups: those who had ACS, either initially (fasciotomies; 13), or diagnosed at follow up (no fasciotomies; 7), and those with no evidence of ACS (31).

The sensitivity and specificity for the worst values for each variable were calculated and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves generated. The area under the curve for pH was 0.92, 0.73 for absolute pressure and 0.59 for delta pressure. To achieve a sensitivity of 95%, an absolute pressure of >30mmHg was 30% specific, a delta pressure of <33mmHg was 27%, while IM pH of 6.38 was 80% specific.

This study highlights the issues concerning current diagnostic methods for ACS. By comparison, IM pH radically out performed both the highest ICP and the lowest delta pressure, identifying patients early and accurately.

Intro

Distal radial fractures are a commonly encountered fracture & anatomical reduction is the standard. Dorsal angulation is the traditional method of assessment but is inaccurate in rotated lateral xrays. Previously a relationship has been demonstrated between the dorsal cortex (DC) of the radius & the superior pole of the lunate (SL) & its sensitivity for assessing dorsal angulation & translation.

Introduction

Several clinical and radiological studies have confirmed the benefits of using Volar Locking Plates (VLPs) to treat unstable distal radius fractures. The “theoretical” advantage of VLPs compared to standard plate fixation is that VLPs, through their design, intrinsically provide angular stability for most fracture configurations including comminuted fractures and, quite possibly, osteoporotic fractures. However few studies have compared the clinical results of patients of different ages who have been treated using VLPs.

Due to its popularity of intramedullary nails (IMN) high success rate, newer design (titanium) IMN system have been introduced to replace stainless steel system. However the stability provided by the titanium IMN

may not be adequate, there by influencing the union rate.

We aimed to compare the results of both IMN systems via prospective clinical study and biomechanical testing using RSA.