Selective screening of children at risk for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is based on clinical examination and risk factor identification. Two meta-analyses published in 2012 found breech presentation, family history of DDH, female sex and primiparity to increase the risk of DDH. However, the DDH definition, reference tests and age of the examined children vary considerably, complicating the translation of those findings to current screening guidelines. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association of previously proposed risk factors to the risk of sonographically verified DDH. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library to identify cohort, RCTs, case-control and cross-sectional studies from 1980 to 2023 in English language. Eligible studies included participants under three months of age, where the diagnosis of DDH was made by hip ultrasound using the gold standard Graf method and reported information on one or more of the proposed risk factors and final diagnosis was available.Introduction
Method
