Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography, paired with Computed Tomography (PET/CT) are two indicated advanced imaging modalities in the complicated diagnostic work-up of osteomyelitis. PET/MRI is a relatively novel hybrid modality with suggested applications in musculoskeletal infection imaging. The goal of this study was to assess the value of hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI for chronic osteomyelitis diagnosis and surgical planning. Five suspected chronic osteomyelitis patients underwent a prospective 18F-FDG single-injection/dual-imaging protocol with hybrid PET/CT and hybrid PET/MR. Diagnosis and relevant clinical features for the surgeon planning treatment were compared. Subsequently, 36 patients with 18F-FDG PET/MRI scans for suspected osteomyelitis were analysed retrospectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined with the clinical assessment as the ground truth. Standardized uptake values (SUV) were measured and analysed by means of receiver operating characteristics (ROC).Aim
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