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Bone & Joint Open
Vol. 3, Issue 1 | Pages 12 - 19
3 Jan 2022
Salih S Grammatopoulos G Burns S Hall-Craggs M Witt J

Aims

The lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA) is a plain radiological measure of superolateral cover of the femoral head. This study aims to establish the correlation between 2D radiological and 3D CT measurements of acetabular morphology, and to describe the relationship between LCEA and femoral head cover (FHC).

Methods

This retrospective study included 353 periacetabular osteotomies (PAOs) performed between January 2014 and December 2017. Overall, 97 hips in 75 patients had 3D analysis by Clinical Graphics, giving measurements for LCEA, acetabular index (AI), and FHC. Roentgenographical LCEA, AI, posterior wall index (PWI), and anterior wall index (AWI) were measured from supine AP pelvis radiographs. The correlation between CT and roentgenographical measurements was calculated. Sequential multiple linear regression was performed to determine the relationship between roentgenographical measurements and CT FHC.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 101-B, Issue SUPP_10 | Pages 12 - 12
1 Oct 2019
Godfrey N Donovan-Hall M Shannon R Roberts L
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Purpose

Clinical guidelines identify a clear role for managing back pain with structured exercise. Pilates is a commonly recommended modality, however, Pilates-specific research is limited. Research suggests the patient-practitioner relationship may be important in managing persistent low back pain, although further research is needed to evaluate its impact on outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the components of the relationship between Pilates teachers and clients with persistent low back pain.

Methods and Results

This qualitative study used a multi-site, ethnographically-informed methodology. Data collection included observation of 24 Pilates sessions at eight sites across the South of England, and 19 semi-structured interviews with Pilates teachers and clients with persistent low back pain. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. From the interviews and observations, ten themes emerged, of which four related to components of the relationship: (1) ‘being known’; (2) support; (3) teacher expertise; and (4) mastery of exercises, facilitated by the teacher. Key influences on the relationship were identified in four themes: (5) professional identity of Pilates teachers; (6) health perceptions; (7) social influences such as group dynamic; and (8) service perceptions. An additional two themes described the perceived impact of the relationship: (9) feelings of safety; and (10) ‘feeling good’.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 95-B, Issue SUPP_12 | Pages 37 - 37
1 Mar 2013
Ul Islam S Dandachli W Richards R Hall-Craggs M Witt J
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The position of the pelvis has been shown to influence acetabular orientation. However there have been no studies quantifying that effect on the native acetabulum. Our aims were to investigate whether it is possible to quantify the relationship between pelvic tilt and acetabular orientation in native hips, and whether pelvic tilt affects acetabular cover of the femoral head.

Computerized tomography scans of 93 hips (36 normal, 31 dysplastic and 26 with acetabular retroversion) were analyzed. We used a CT technique that allows standardised three-dimensional (3D) analysis of acetabular inclination and anteversion and calculation of femoral head cover in relation to the anterior pelvic plane and at different degrees of forward and backward tilt. Acetabular anteversion, inclination and cover of the femoral head were measured at pelvic tilt angles ranging from −20° to 20° in relation to the anterior pelvic plane using 5° increments.

The effect of pelvic tilt on version was similar in the normal, dysplastic and retroverted groups, with a drop in anteversion ranging from 2.5° to 5° for every 5° of forward tilt. The effect on inclination was less marked and varied among the three groups. Pelvic tilt increased femoral head cover in both normal and dysplastic hips. The effect was less marked, and tended to be negligible at higher positive tilt angles, in the retroverted group.

This study has provided benchmark data on how pelvic tilt affects various acetabular parameters which in turn may be helpful in promoting greater understanding of acetabular abnormalities and how pelvic tilt affects the interpretation of pelvic radiographs.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 94-B, Issue SUPP_XV | Pages 9 - 9
1 Apr 2012
Guyver P Cattell A Hall M Brinsden M
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Introduction

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly being used to assess the quality of healthcare delivery in the United Kingdom. It is important when using PROMs to know the score of the background population against which any clinical intervention maybe benchmarked. The purpose of this study was to measure an elbow-specific PROM for the population of the South West Peninsula.

Methods

We undertook a cross-sectional survey study of patients and healthcare professionals. Participants were asked to complete a simple demographic questionnaire and an Oxford Elbow Score for each elbow. Respondents with a history of elbow surgery, elbow injury, chronic elbow problems or an incomplete dataset were excluded from the study.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 91-B, Issue 8 | Pages 1031 - 1036
1 Aug 2009
Dandachli W Islam SU Liu M Richards R Hall-Craggs M Witt J

This study examined the relationship between the cross-over sign and the true three-dimensional anatomical version of the acetabulum. We also investigated whether in true retroversion there is excessive femoral head cover anteriorly. Radiographs of 64 hips in patients being investigated for symptoms of femoro-acetabular impingement were analysed and the presence of a cross-over sign was documented. CT scans of the same hips were analysed to determine anatomical version and femoral head cover in relation to the anterior pelvic plane after correcting for pelvic tilt. The sensitivity and specificity of the cross-over sign were 92% and 55%, respectively for identifying true acetabular retroversion. There was no significant difference in total cover between normal and retroverted cases. Anterior and posterior cover were, however, significantly different (p < 0.001 and 0.002). The cross-over sign was found to be sensitive but not specific. The results for femoral head cover suggest that retroversion is characterised by posterior deficiency but increased cover anteriorly.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 91-B, Issue SUPP_II | Pages 357 - 357
1 May 2009
Keenan J Hall M Nokes T
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Patients immobilised in lower limb casts are at risk of venous thrombo-embolism. We have devised a unique patient administered scoring system to provide targeted thrombo-prophylactic therapy based on a patient’s risk factors for thrombo-embolism. This study investigated completion of the risk assessment form and intra-observer error.

We carried out a prospective observational study investigating completion of risk assessment forms in patients attending the fracture clinic who were immobilised in lower limb casts. Each patient completed a form at initial presentation which determined their treatment regime. The patients were asked to complete a second identical form once their plaster was removed together with a short questionnaire asking about ease of use of the risk assessment form.

92 patients were included in the study. The first form was correctly completed by 90 patients (98%) and the second by 89 patients (97%). There was an exact scoring correlation between the two forms in 82% of patients.

93% of patients found the scoring system easy to understand and complete.

We propose that this unique patient administered, venous thrombo-embolism risk assessment form provides a user friendly, practical and reproducible tool for highlighting trauma patients in lower limb casts at increased risk of thromboembolic disease.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 91-B, Issue SUPP_I | Pages 64 - 64
1 Mar 2009
Dandachli W Kanaan V Richards R Sauret V Hall-Craggs M Witt J
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INTRODUCTION Assessing femoral head coverage is a crucial element in acetabular surgery for hip dysplasia. CT has proven to be more accurate, practical and informative than plain radiography at analysing hip geometry. Klaue et al first used a computer-assisted model to indirectly derive representations of femoral head coverage. Jansen et al then described a CT-based method for measuring centre edge angle of Wiberg at 10 rotational increments. Haddad et al used that method to look at dysplastic hips pre- and post-acetabular osteotomy. We present a novel CT-based method that automatically gives an image of the head with the covered area precisely represented. We used this technique to accurately measure femoral head coverage (FHC) in normal hips and in a prospective study of patients with hip dysplasia undergoing peri-acetabular osteotomy. The impact of surgery on acetabular anteversion and inclination was also assessed.

METHODS Using a custom software programme, anatomical landmarks for 25 normal and 26 dysplastic hips were acquired on the 3D reconstructed CT image and used to define the frame of reference. Points were then assigned on the femoral head surface and the superior half of the acetabular rim after aligning the pelvis in the anterior pelvic plane. The programme then automatically produced an image representing the femoral head and its covered part along with the calculated femoral head coverage. To do so, the software represents the femoral head by a best-fit sphere, and the sphere and the acetabular contour are then projected onto a plane in order to calculate the load bearing fraction and area.

RESULTS In the normal hips FHC averaged 73% (SD 4), whereas anteversion and inclination averaged 16° (SD 7°) and 44° (SD 4°) respectively. In the dysplastic group the mean FHC was 50% (SD 6), with a mean anteversion of 19° (SD 10°) and mean inclination of 53° (SD 5°). Peri-acetabular osteotomy has been performed on 16 hips so far, and the FHC for those averaged 66% (SD 5), a mean improvement of 32%. The respective anteversion and inclination post-operatively were 18° (SD 12°) and 40° (SD 8°).

DISCUSSION This is the first study to our knowledge that has used a reliable and practical measurement technique to give an indication of the percent coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum in normal hips. When this is applied to assessing coverage in surgery to address hip dysplasia it gives a clearer understanding of where the corrected hip stands in relation to a normal hip, and this should allow for better determination of the likely outcome of this type of surgery. The versatility of the method gives it significant attraction for acetabular surgeons and makes it useful not only for studying dysplastic hips but also other hip problems such as acetabular retroversion.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 90-B, Issue 11 | Pages 1428 - 1434
1 Nov 2008
Dandachli W Kannan V Richards R Shah Z Hall-Craggs M Witt J

We present a new CT-based method which measures cover of the femoral head in both normal and dysplastic hips and allows assessment of acetabular inclination and anteversion. A clear topographical image of the head with its covered area is generated.

We studied 36 normal and 39 dysplastic hips. In the normal hips the mean cover was 73% (66% to 81%), whereas in the dysplastic group it was 51% (38% to 64%). The significant advantage of this technique is that it allows the measurements to be standardised with reference to a specific anatomical plane. When this is applied to assessing cover in surgery for dysplasia of the hip it gives a clearer understanding of where the corrected hip stands in relation to normal and allows accurate assessment of inclination and anteversion.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 90-B, Issue SUPP_III | Pages 566 - 566
1 Aug 2008
Dandachli W Kannan V Richards R Sauret V Hall-Craggs M Witt JD
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Assessing femoral head coverage is a crucial element in acetabular surgery for hip dysplasia. Plain radiographic indices give rather limited information. We present a novel CT-based method that measures the fraction of the femoral head that is covered by the acetabulum. This method also produces a direct image of the femoral head with the covered part clearly represented, and it also measures acetabular inclination and anteversion. We used this method to determine normal coverage, and applied it to a prospective study of patients with hip dysplasia undergoing periacetabular osteotomy.

Twenty-five normal and 26 dysplastic hips were studied. On each CT scan points were assigned on the femoral head surface and the superior half of the acetabular rim. The anterior pelvic plane was then defined, and the pelvis was aligned in that plane. Using our custom software programme, the fraction of the head that was covered was measured, in addition to acetabular inclination and anteversion.

In the normal hips femoral head coverage averaged 73% (SD 4). In the same group, mean anteversion was 15.7° (SD 7°), whereas mean inclination was 44.4° (SD 4°). In the dysplastic group femoral head coverage averaged 50.3% (SD 6), whereas mean anteversion and inclination were 18.7° (SD 9°) and 53.2° (SD 5°) respectively.

This is the first study to our knowledge that has used a reliable measurement technique of femoral head coverage by the acetabulum in the normal hip. When this is applied to assessing coverage in surgery for hip dysplasia it allows a clearer understanding of where the corrected hip stands in relation to a normal hip. This would then allow for better determination of the likely outcome of this type of surgery. We are presently conducting a prospective study using this technique to study dysplastic hips pre- and post-periacetabular osteotomy.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 90-B, Issue SUPP_II | Pages 315 - 315
1 Jul 2008
Dandachli W Witt JD Shah Z Richards R Sauret V Hall-Craggs M
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Introduction: Assessing coverage of the femoral head is a crucial element in acetabular surgery for hip dysplasia. Radiographic indices give rather limited information. We present a novel ct-based method that gives an image of the head with the covered area precisely represented. We used this method to measure femoral head coverage in a series of normal hips and in a prospective study of patients with hip dysplasia undergoing peri-acetabular osteotomy.

Methods: Thirteen normal and ten dysplastic hips were studied. On each CT scan anatomical landmarks were assigned on the 3d reconstructed image and used to define the frame of reference. Points were assigned on the femoral head surface and the superior half of the acetabular rim after aligning the pelvis in the anterior pelvic plane. An image was produced representing the femoral head and its covered part. The fraction of the head that was covered was calculated.

Results: The average femoral head coverage in the normal hips was 73.9% (sd 3.2). The average coverage in the dysplastic group was 50.7% (sd 7.9) and after undergoing peri-acetabular osteotomy the average was 67% (sd 6.2).

Conclusion: This is the first study to our knowledge that has used a reliable measurement technique to give an indication of the percent coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum in the “normal hip”. When this is applied to assessing coverage in surgery to address hip dysplasia it gives a clearer understanding of where the corrected hip stands in relation to a normal hip, and this should allow for better determination of the likely outcome of this type of surgery.