The study describes a technique of tibial autograft to augment posterior instrumented spinal fusion in a population of paediatric patients with severe idiopathic, neuromuscular or syndromic scoliosis who are at a higher risk of postoperative pseudarthrosis and reports patient outcomes in terms of union rate, donor site morbidity and cost.

Patients were identified from a review of waiting list and operating room records between 2007–2014. Surgery was performed by the senior author. Information on patient demographics, underlying diagnosis, age at surgery, revision surgery and length of follow-up was obtained from clinic notes. Parents of children were followed up with a structured telephone questionnaire regarding ambulatory status, post-operative pain, infection, further surgery and general satisfaction.

Four hundred and nine patients underwent posterior instrumented spinal fusion, during the study period. Forty-two patients’ fusions were augmented with tibial graft, 40 of whom participated in the study. There were no cases of donor site infection, compartment syndrome, tibial fracture or perioperative mortality. In 85% of cases leg pain had resolved within 6 weeks, and 100% within 6 months of surgery. There were 6 cases of revision spinal surgery, 3 for infection, 2 for sacroiliac screw removal and 1 for sacroiliac screw revision. There were no clinical cases of spinal pseudarthrosis in this series. All parents were satisfied by the clinical outcome of both the tibial and spinal surgeries.

Spinal fusion utilising tibial autograft is advocated as a simple, safe and cost-effective method of providing significant structural autograft to support fusion for a population of patients with high risk of junctional pseudarthrosis. With the exception of transient post-operative pain, the procedure was without any serious donor site morbidity. The outcomes of this study were as expected and in keeping with previous reports.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the most common hip disorder in adolescents and its incidence is on the increase. Obesity is purported to be a significant risk factor in the pathogenesis of this condition. Measurements for weight and BMI’s are good techniques in identifying children at risk and those who are obese. In this retrospective review, we provide clear evidence of a relationship between SCFE and obesity based on weight-to-age percentiles. 64 patients with radiologically diagnosed SCFE were compared with 88 controls without histories of hip pathology. In the SCFE group, 45.3% were above the 95th percentile as opposed to 12.1% in the control group (P=< 0.0001). In addition, the obesity risk group (85–95th percentile) numbers were much higher in the SCFE group (15.6%) compared to controls (7.7%) (P=< 0.0001). Obesity is a modifiable risk factor in most cases and thus, identifying children at risk using weight-to-age percentile charts correcting for gender is potentially beneficial in reducing the incidence of SCFE.

Purpose: The use of a bioabsorbable suture anchor across a joint as a means of internal stabilization has not previously been described. This study assesses the iatrogenic damage caused by such a procedure in the normal immature porcine hip.

Materials and Methods: Six twelve week old pigs underwent unilateral transarticular suture anchorage of the hip using a Panalok® RC Quick Anchor® Plus with Panacryl® suture. (Mitek® Products Johnson and Johnson). Anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were taken pre-operatively and six weeks post-operatively. Acetabular index, diameter of the femoral head ossific nucleus of both hips on both occasions were measured and compared. Pigs were sacrificed six weeks post-operatively. Specimens were analysed macroscopically for femoral head diameter, acetabular dimensions, and presence of gross chondrolysis. Histological analysis was performed to assess the presence of articular chondrolysis, and proximal femoral physeal arrest.

Results: In four out of six hips the rate of change of the acetabular index slowed as compared to the unoperated side though none worsened. The diameter of the femoral ossific nucleus on the operated side continued to increase in size at a similar rate as the unoperated side, despite the surgical procedure according to radiographic comparison. Similar findings were made in the macroscopic analysis of the hip geometry. Gross and histological analysis of the articular cartilage show only local areas of chondrolysis related to the drill holes, and in one hip where a second hole was drilled, cartilage regeneration was noted. Metaphyseal growth at the proximal femoral physis was unaffected by the procedure.

Conclusions: The use of a trans-articular suture anchor across the hip appears to cause marginal retardation of acetabular development in the normal hip. The procedure does not appear to affect proximal femoral physeal or epiphyseal growth and the presence of a bioabsorbable suture within the joint did not result in chondrolysis.

Introduction: The use of a trans-physeal, trans-articular suture anchor across a joint as a means of internal stabilisation has not previously been described. This study assesses the damage caused by the procedure to the immature porcine hip.

Methods: Six twelve week old pigs underwent unilateral hip surgery. Anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were taken preoperatively and six weeks post-operatively. The acetabular index and diameter of the femoral head ossific nucleus of both hips were measured and compared. Specimens were analysed macroscopically for femoral head diameter, acetabular dimensions and for evidence of gross chondrolysis. Histological analysis was performed to assess the presence of articular chondrolysis and proximal femoral physeal arrest.

Results: In four out of six specimens the rate of change of the acetabular index slowed as compared to the unoperated side, though none worsened. The diameter of the femoral ossific nucleus continued to increase in size at a similar rate to the unoperated side on radiological examination. Similar findings were seen with the macroscopic analysis. Gross and histological analysis of the articular cartilage showed only local areas of chondrolysis, related to the drilling. Metaphyseal growth at the proximal femoral physis was unaffected by the procedure.

Discussion: The use of a trans-articular suture-anchor across the hip appears to cause marginal retardation of acetabular development in the normal hip. The trans-physeal approach to the hip does not appear to affect proximal femoral physeal or epiphyseal growth in the short-term, and the presence of a bioabsorbable suture within the joint did not result in chondrolysis.