Purpose of the study: Injury to the infrapatellar branches of the medial saphenous vein are incriminated in disorder of the anterior aspect of the knee after bone-tendon-bone ligamentoplasty procedures. We have demonstrated in an anatomic study the usefulness of a minimal two-way approach for harvesting the patellar transplant in order to preserve the nerve branches. The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the feasibility of this method and its impact on the sensitivity of the anterior aspect of the knee after ligamentoplasty in comparison with the usual harvesting technique.

Material and methods: This non-randomized prospective controlled contemporary study included 47 consecutive patients. The graft was harvested via two vertical incisions, one on the apex of the patella, the other on the eminence of the anterior tibial tuberosity. After harvesting the patellar splint, discision of the patellar tendon fibers was performed subcutaneously to the tibial tuberosity. Before removing the graft via the tibial incision with a forceps inserted via the inferior incision without injuring the peritendon. A tibial piece was then harvested. The ligamentoplasty was performed as usual using two anterolateral and anteromedial arthroscopic portals. The tibial tunnel was drilled first on the tibial tuberosity. These 47 knees were compared with 34 knees where the conventional approach was used (control group). We assess: harvesting time, width of the tendon transplant, quality of the graft, requirement to convert to conventional harvesting technique. Patients were reviewed at six weeks, three months and six months to assess anterior pain, dysesthesia, surface area of hypo or anesthesia and at six months kneeling problem.

Results: Conversion was not necessary for any of the knees. Mean harvesting time was 17 minutes (control group ten minutes). A good quality graft was obtained in all cases. Thirty-five patients were reviewed at six months. No sensorial disorders were noted in 18 patients. Sensorial disorders were noted in 17 patients (permanent hypoesthesia in the control group). None of the patients presented anesthesia. The mean surface area presenting a sensorial disorder was 13.6 cm² at six weeks (37.8 cm² in the control group) and 8.85 cm² at six months (23.4 cm² in the control group). Mean gain compared with the control group was 62%. There were two cases of anterior pain at six months and no case of dysesthesia. Sixteen patients could kneel normally (none in the control group); kneeling was not possible in one patient.

Discussion: The infrapatellar branches of the medial saphenous nerve are often injured when harvesting a bone-tendon-bone graft for ligamentoplasty. Anterior disorders would in part be correlated with the degree of sensorial impairment on the anterior aspect of the knee. The subcutaneous harvesting technique presented here with two minimal incisions appears to be an attractive alternative.

Conclusion: Our study confirmed the feasibility of this harvesting technique which significantly reduces the surface area of sensorial disorders and avoids most kneeling problems.

Purpose: Choronic tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon is frequent. Conservative treatment is long and difficult. Surgical treatment is indicated when response to medical treatment is unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to assess at different times and according to the type of tendinopathy treated, the results of our open surgical technique.

Material and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 154 cases of Achilles tendonopathiy in 136 patients (104 men and 32 women) operated between March 1985 and October 1997. Mean age was 35.5 years (range 16–70). The majority of the patients (n=146) practised sports regularly (120 at a competition level). These patients had not responded to prolonged medical treatment (mean duration of prior treatment 33.4 months, range 3 months – 15 years) and had invalidating conditions according to the Blazina scale (72 grade III-A and 82 grade III-B). We had 78 cases of insertion tendionpathy (59 without desinsertion, 19 with partial des-insertion), 49 cases of body tendinopathy (32 nodular, 17 non-nodular), 16 partial tears, and 11 cases of isolated peritendinitis. The standard surgical technique consisted in resection of the peritendinous sheath and tendon combing. Depending on the injuries observed, we associated resection of nodules, tendon reinforcement, resection of the calcaneum, or bursectomy.

Results: The overall results were classed excellent (renewed sports activity at former level without pain), good (renewed sports activity at a slightly lower level), or poor (no improvement). Results of 110 cases with more than 43 months follow-up were evaluated at one year, three years, and last follow-up (7.1 years, range 43 months–147 months). Overall results were unchanged for the different assessment times and were, at last follow-up: excellent 70%, good 18.2%, poor 11.8%. Early local complications were observed in 40/154 cases (late healing in 18, haematomas in 12, skin necrosis in 6, and infection in four).

Discussion: The overall results were satisfactory and persisted over time. The final prognosis depends basically on the type of tendinopathy with better results being obtained for isolated peritendinitis and body tendinopathy.

We report the results of 116 consecutive displaced extension supracondylar fractures of the elbow in children treated during the first two years after the introduction of the following protocol; closed reduction under general anaesthesia with fluoroscopic control and lateral percutaneous pinning using two parallel pins or, when closed reduction failed, open reduction and internal fixation by cross-pinning. Eight patients were lost to follow-up during the first postoperative year. The mean follow-up for the remaining 108 was 27.9 months (12 to 47, median 26.5).

At the final follow-up, using Flynn’s overall modified classification, the clinical result was considered to be excellent in 99 patients (91.6%), good in five (4.6%) and poor in four (3.7%). All the poor results were due to a poor cosmetic result, but had good or excellent function. Technical error in the initial management of these four cases was thought to be the cause of the poor results. The protocol described resulted in good or excellent results in 96% of our patients, providing a safe and efficient treatment for displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus even in less experienced hands.