The benefits of total hip arthroplasty (THA) may be significantly magnified in children, since the improvement in quality of life has a far greater exposure time and occurs during key developmental stages which may help to maximise lifetime achievement. The purpose of this study is to describe implant survival and patient reported outcomes (PROMS) in a cohort of children following THA.

Retrospective cohort review of all patients treated with THA in a single centre. Routine data analysis did not require ethical approval.

Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier and PROMs were recorded (EQ5D-S, Oxford hip score and modified Harris Hip Score) in a sub-group of patients.

66 hips in 47 patients with a median age of 16 years (range 10 to 19 years) underwent THA between 1971 and 2023. 57% (38/68) patients were female, the commonest indications were Mucopolysaccharidoses n = 15, Stills disease (n=15), and Avascular necrosis (n=12). 27 (41%) of constructs were cemented, 5 (8%) were hybrid, and 34 (51%) were cementless. 30 stems were custom made cementless stems.

Median follow up was 3.8 years (range 0–34 years). Implant survival was 87% at 10 years, 61.6% at 20 years and 52.8% at 30 years.

PROMS demonstrated mean preoperative OHS was 12, preoperative MHHS was 23 and EQ5Ds VAS of 38. PROMS improved steadily overtime with mean OHS of 43, MMHS of 75 and EQ5Ds VAS of 89 at one year.

THA was associated with a very large change in patient reported hip function and quality of life. In this study, THA delivered a long-lasting solution to hip pain with survival similar to that seen in patients undergoing THA in the fourth and fifth decades of life. Socioeconomic benefits of THA need further investigation to establish treatment guidelines for children suffering with hip pain.

Ceramic bearing fracture is a rare complication following implantation using modern day ceramic bearing materials. Revision bearing options in such cases is debated, with the choice between ceramic-on-ceramic and ceramic-on-polyethylene bearings. Revision to a hard on soft bearing raises concerns about potential catastrophic wear secondary to a third-body reaction caused by the fractured ceramic particles.

Data was collected retrospectively from the NJR, electronic patient records, revision database and picture archiving and communication system. Templating software was used to determine linear wear between first post-operative radiograph and the latest available follow up. Univariate analysis was used to examine patient demographics and the wear rates for revision of ceramic bearing fractures to ceramic on polyethylene components. The intra and inter-rater reliability of wear measurements was calculated.

There were twelve patients identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. The average age at revision was 62 years (54–72). There were 6 liner and 6 head fractures revised to delta ceramic heads and cross-linked polyethylene acetabular components. The most frequently used head size was 32mm. At mean follow up of 3.8 years (0.5 6.1 years), median 4.4 years, linear wear rate was calculated at 0.08± 0.06 mm/year. Both intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was excellent with ICC scores of 0.99 at all timepoints.

Revision to ceramic on polyethylene (CoP) bearings following ceramic fracture does not cause early catastrophic wear at early follow up. It appears safe to use this hard on soft bearing combination, given that wear rates are comparable to what is expected in a primary hip replacement setting. Longer follow up is required to establish if this trend persists.

Different techniques have been described to address massive bone loss of the acetabulum in revision hip surgery. aMace has gained popularity as it provides customization aiming to restore hip centre and provide good initial stability in cases of large non-contained defects. It takes into account quality of host bone. Its porous defect filling scaffold provides an excellent surface for osteointegration.

Our aim was to assess the short and mid-term outcomes of patients who underwent revision surgery using aMace system.

Ethical approval was obtained. A retrospective study included all patients who had aMace between June 2013 and October 2022 allowing for a minimum of 12-months follow-up. Patients’ demographics, indication, bone-loss severity, reconstruction details, re-operation, complications, mortality, pain and function were assessed.

52 cases were performed by 13 surgeons with median 51 months follow-up. Median age was 72.7 years. 86.5% were female. Average BMI was 25.3. Average ASA grade was 3.

65% were classified as Paprosky IIIB and 32% were IIIA.

73% were found to have poor bone quality on CT. Main indication for aMace was massive bone loss/discontinuity secondary to aseptic loosening in 88.5%.

77% underwent single-stage revision. 53.8% had 2 or more previous revisions. 71% underwent stem revision in the same setting. 77% received a dual mobility bearing.

Re-operation rate was 5.7% for instability and femoral PPF. LLD was reported in 9.6%.

Permanent Sciatic nerve palsy occurred in 3.8% of the cases.

30-days mortality was 1.9%.

Statistically significant post-op improvements in pain and mobility were reported (p<0.001). None of the acetabular components have been revised.

Our study shows satisfactory surgical outcomes with a relatively low complication rate and significant pain and mobility improvements in the early to mid-term stages.

We recommend these costly cases to be done in highly specialist centres adopting MDT approach.

Mortality following revision hip surgery for periprosthetic fracture (PPF) has been reported to be as high as 60% at 5 years. The aim of this study was to determine the mortality rate for PPF revisions, compared to revision for aseptic loosening or infection at our tertiary referral centre.

Revision arthroplasty procedures performed for PPF, aseptic loosening or infection between January 2014 and December 2015 at our institution were identified using a prospectively collected PPF referral database and locally collected NJR data. Comparisons were made between the 3 groups for baseline demographics, admission to higher-level care, length of stay, complications, and Kaplan-Meier failure (mortality) at 1 & 5 years post-operative (with log-rank test for equality).

There were 37 PPF, 71 infected and 221 aseptic revisions. PPF had a higher proportion of females (65% vs. 39% in infection and 53% in aseptic; p = 0.031) and grade 3 and 4 ASA patients (p = 0.006). Median time to surgery from injury for PPF was 8 days (95% CI, 6–16). Single-stage procedures were performed in 84% of PPF, 42% of infection and 99% of aseptic revisions (p < 0.001). 19% of PPF revisions required HDU admission, 1% in the aseptic group and none in the infection group (p<0.001). Median length of stay was significantly different (PPF 10; infection 14; aseptic 8 days (p < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of 1-year mortality were: PPF = 0%; infection = 2.8% (0.7–11.1%); aseptic = 0.9% (0.2–3.5%). 5-year mortality estimates were: PPF = 17.1% (8–34%), infection = 8.7% (4–18.3%), aseptic = 12% (8.4–17%). Log-rank test of equality was not significant, p=0.833.

Despite the PPF group having an average delay to surgery of 8 days, higher ASA grades and more admissions to HDU there was no significant difference in mortality rates between the groups at 1 and 5 years postoperatively. Using a coherent MDT approach with dedicated healthcare professionals this service demonstrates a low post operative mortality rate which merits further investment and development.

The decision to undertake total hip replacement (THA) in a child is complex and daunting. This is augmented by the paucity of data on potential quality of life (QoL) improvement and functional outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to ascertain whether outcomes after surgery are influenced by the nature of the primary diagnosis.

This was a prospective, consecutive cohort study of patients under the age of 18 years undergoing THA by a single arthroplasty surgeon in collaboration with colleagues at a regional paediatric hospital. Patient electronic notes, radiographs and PROMS (EQ5D-Y, Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and modified Harris Hip Score(mHHS)) were reviewed.

Twenty-two THAs were performed in patients less than 18 years (median 15 (range 10.7–17.9), with 7 patients undergoing bilateral surgery. Mean follow-up was 2 years. Thirteen of the THAs were undertaken for systemic conditions effecting multiple joints (Mucopolysaccharidoses, Mucolipidosis and Scwachman-Diamond syndrome) with the hip the worst affected joint and 9 for single joint disease (AVN, Perthes, dysplasia and idiopathic chondrolysis). PROMS scores showed reliable improvements with no differences between the two groups. Health related QoL was calculated from EQ5D-Y and indicated an overall improvement of 1.06(0.879–1.25). 6 patients were wheelchair users preop. All patients were independent walkers at follow-up. One patient underwent successful revision surgery for aseptic acetabular loosening. There were no other complications.

THA in children leads to a significant positive impact on QoL as measured with validated PROMS scores. Patients with systemic conditions can benefit just as much as those with single joint disease. Further follow-up is required to understand the long-term outcomes.

Orthopaedic surgical hoods rely on an intrinsic fan to force clean external air over the wearer and allow potentially contaminated and expired air to flow down and away from the surgical field. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is produced through aerobic metabolism and can potentially accumulate inside the hood. Levels above 2500ppm have been shown to affect cognitive and practical function in flight simulator studies. Maximum Health and Safety Executive (HSE) 8-hour exposure limit is 5000ppm There is a paucity of data on real-world CO₂ levels experienced during arthroplasty surgery whilst wearing a hood.

CO₂ levels were continuously recorded during 31 elective arthroplasties, both primary and revision. Data was collected for surgeon and assistant. Data was recorded at 0.5Hz throughout the procedure utilising a Bluetooth CO₂ detector, worn inside a Stryker Flyte^™ surgical helmet worn with a toga gown. Four surgeons contributed real time data to the study. This data was augmented with experimental data, investigating varying fan speeds and activity levels.

Median operative duration was 82 minutes (range 36–207).

The average CO₂ level across all procedures was 2952ppm, with 22 of the cases having a mean above 2500ppm, but none having a mean above 5000ppm.

For each procedure, the time spent above 2500 and 5000 ppm was calculated, with the average being 68.4 % and 5.6% respectively.

The experimental data demonstrated higher CO₂ levels with lower fan speed, and at higher activity levels, and levels exceeding 15000 ppm during gentle exercise. During operative cases, low fan speed cases did have a marginally higher mean CO₂ value than high fan speed (3033.02 and 2903.56 respectively) but the small numbers of cases (n=10) where this data was captured limit the relevance of this difference.

The use of surgical helmets for elective orthopaedic surgery, can results in CO₂ levels regularly rising to a point which may affect cognitive function. This study recommends the use of a higher fan speed where possible to minimise the risk of such CO₂ levels, and recommends further research in this area.

The decision to undertake THA in a child is complex and surgery challenging. Pre-operatively patients' typically have significant pain and mobility restriction. Little is published on the functional gains after THA in this group.

The aim of this study was therefore to measure the impact THA had on the PROMS in our young patients undergoing THA, to determine QoL improvement.

This was a prospective, consecutive cohort study of patients under the age of 17 years undergoing THA by a single surgeon in a tertiary referral centre. Patient electronic notes, radiographs, and PROMS (EQ5D-Y, Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS)) were reviewed.

12 children (8 females and 4 males) underwent THA before their 17th birthday, with 5 undergoing bilateral operations (17 THA total). The mean age was 14.6 years (10.75–16.9) and mean follow-up 1.5 years. Nine of the THA were undertaken for congenital syndromes, 4 for AVN, 2 for Perthe's disease and 1 for dysplasia and idiopathic chondrolysis. The mean pre-operative OHS was 15 (1–33) improving to 31 (19–39) at 6-weeks, 44 (42–46) at a year and 48 (47–48) at 3 years. mHHS improved from a pre-operative mean of 25 (0–56) to 60 (37–92) at 6-weeks, 65 (38–84) at a year and 91 (91) at 3 years. The EQ-VAS mean score pre-operatively was 35 (8–100) improving at 6-weeks to 73 (55–96), 84 (76–96) at a year and 92 (76–100) at 3 years. All patients achieved MCID or higher for OHS. 6 patients were wheelchair users preop. All patients were independent walkers at follow-up. There were no complications.

THA in children is safe and leads to a significant positive impact on QoL as measured with validated PROMS scores. Wheelchair users can reliably gain independent walking. Further follow-up is required understand the long-term outcomes.

Introduction

A recent paper suggested implanting an uncemented acetabular shell which is 6mm or greater than the native femoral head in total hip arthroplasty (THA) significantly increased the risk of postoperative pain. We retrospectively analyzed 265 Delta ceramic-on-ceramic (DCoC) THA comparing the native femoral head size to the implanted shell and reviewing if the patient suffered with post-operative pain (POP).