Aims

Bacterial infection activates neutrophils to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in bacterial biofilms of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the increase in NET activation and release (NETosis) and haemostasis markers in the plasma of patients with PJI, to evaluate whether such plasma induces the activation of neutrophils, to ascertain whether increased NETosis is also mediated by reduced DNaseI activity, to explore novel therapeutic interventions for NETosis in PJI in vitro, and to evaluate the potential diagnostic use of these markers.

To conduct a meta-analysis for intertrochanteric hip fractures comparing in terms of efficacy and safety short versus long intralomedullary nails.

A pubmed search of the last 10 years for intertrochanteric fracture 31A1-31A3 according to the AO/OTA classification was performed. Baseline characteristics of each article were obtained, complication measures were analyzed: Peri-implant fracture, reoperations, deep/superficial infection, and mortality. Clinical variables consisted of blood loss (mL), length of stay (days), time of surgery (min) and nº of transfusions. Functional outcomes were also recorded. A meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.4.

Twelve studies were included, nine were retrospective. The reoperations rate was lower in the short nail group and the peri-implant fracture rate was lower in the long nail group (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.88) (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.43). Surgery time and blood loss was significantly higher in the long nail group (MD −12.44, 95% CI −14.60 to −10.28) (MD −19.36, 95% CI −27.24 to −11.48). There were no differences in functional outcomes.

The short intramedullary nail has a higher risk of peri-implant fracture; however, the reoperation rate is lower compared to the long nail. Blood loss and surgery time was higher in the long nail group.

The use of new megaprosthesis for massive bone loss is an option for the replacement of skeletal segments. There are several clinical scenarios that can be associated with this situation including severe trauma with multiple failed osteosynthesis with a non union or with a previous prosthetic replacement of a neighbouring joint; multiple revision of arthroplasty with or without infections or large resections of tumours. The aim of this work is to evaluate retrospectively both clinical and radiological outcomes and any complications in patients treated with megaprosthesis in SEPTIC BONE DEFECTS in our Hospital from February 2012 to January 2015.

From February 2012 to January 2014 a total of 20 patients were treated with mono-and bi-articular megaprosthesis subdivided as follows: 4 proximal femur, 11 distal femur, 3 total femur, 1 total humerus and 1 proximal humerus. Clinical and serial radiographic evaluations were performed at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Blood parameters with CRP and ESR were monitored for at least 2 months. The mean follow-up of patients was about 24.4 months (range 5 months to 31 months). The mean age of the patients was 53 years (range 37–80years). Of the patients 20, 9 were female and 11 were male. The aetiology was: 11 septic non unions, 3 infected TKA, 4 infected THR and 2 infected tumor prostheses.

We have evaluated retrospectively both clinical and radiological outcomes of 20 patients. They had large bone defects that threatened the viability of the limb. They were treated with megaprosthesis. Although the mean length of follow-up was only 24.4 months they showed encouraging clinical results, with good articulation of the segments, no somato-sensory or motor deficit and acceptable functional recovery. There were three cases of dislocation, one case with rifampicin toxicity, one case with acute prosthetic infection (case that needed debridement and one case with chronic oral antimicrobial.

Megaprosthesis provides a valuable opportunity to restore functionality to patients with highly disabling diseases. The number of complications is not depreciable.