Scaphoid fractures are commonly treated with a single headless screw. There are different recommendations regarding the optimal location of this screw. The purpose of this study was to compare the location of screws placed for the treatment of acute scaphoid fractures with theoretical and virtual screw locations. 10 patients with acute scaphoid fractures treated surgically and with available pre- and postoperative CT scans were included. The scans were analysed using a 3D software model (Amira Dev 5.3, Mercury Computer Systems, Chelmsford, MA). On the preoperative CTs the displaced fractures were virtually reduced. Possible screw locations for fracture fixation were examined including one along the central third of the proximal fragment (central base screw), the scaphoid longitudinal axis calculated mathematically (PCA screw) and a screw placed perpendicular to the fracture plane (90 degree screw). The angle between the axes and fracture plains were measured. The angle and distance between the actual screw on the postoperative CT and the different virtual screw locations were measured as well.Introduction
Materials and Methods
Bone regeneration is a complicate biological process of the skeletal system leading to restoration of the limb function. This process becomes more challenging in a case of critical size defect ( A previous study in our lab tested the usage of encapsulating The objective of this study was to investigate a new polymer formulation in order to produce the best environmental support for adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of MSC. In this study we found out that with the usage of Polyvinylacetate
Hydrogen-bonds between MSC and the partial negative charge on the carboxyl group as well as on the oxygens of the plasticizer that is intertwined within the membrane monomers. Electrostatic bonds between the positive charge (+1) on the transformed group monomers and the negative charge of MSC’s protein membrane. In summary, we have only started to reveal the remarkable potential of using MSC, and there are still many obstacles to overcome. However, applying the findings from this study, namely inserting a membrane coated with MSC into a CSD may become a true biological treatment option.
