Systematic reviews (SR) can provide physicians with effective means to further strengthen their practice and identify gaps in clinical knowledge. The focus of any SR is to identify the current state of evidence for a given treatment or condition, with the hopes of providing the best interventional methods physicians can base their practice on. In paediatric orthopaedics, high-level studies are lacking, thus potentially limiting the effectiveness of SRs in the field. There isn't one specific way to qualify research on its effectiveness, but there has been gradual enhancement in finding ways to identify a successful and reproducible study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of paediatric orthopaedic SRs, and highlight aspects of these SRs that have contributed to improved outcomes.

A literature review was performed in EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases to identify pre-existing systematic reviews that have been published in five well-known orthopaedic journals between 2007 and 2017. SRs were included if the study population was between 0 and 18 years of age. Selected articles had an AMSTAR checklist applied in order to score the studies on their quality and methodology. Articles were independently reviewed by two reviewers to determine the extent of AMSTAR guidelines fulfillment.

A total of 40 SRs were identified and reviewed, 20 of which partially or completely fulfilled AMSTAR guidelines. There was no disagreement between reviewers as to which of the analyzed articles have successfully reflected the checklist.

Only 20/40 SRs analyzed at least partially fulfilled AMSTAR guidelines. One of the weaknesses identified in the reviewed papers so far is the lack of justification for the chosen study designs for SRs and what strategy was used to decide on the exclusion of articles. There needs to be clear-cut criteria that mark studies to be included and excluded in a comprehensive systematic review. Further improvements are required to ensure that full details on the involvement of papers and the success rates regarding each interventional method are included in order to strengthen the quality of SRs across the paediatric orthopaedic literature.