In 2020 almost 90% of femoral heads for
Acetabular component orientation is an important determinant of outcome following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Although surgeons aim to achieve optimal cup orientation, many studies demonstrate their inability to consistently achieve this. Factors that contribute are pelvic orientation and the surgeon's ability to correctly orient the cup at implantation. The goal of this study was to determine the accuracy with which surgeons can achieve cup orientation angles. In this Introduction
Methods
The Hospital (Trust) guidelines generally recommend 40mg of Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) twice daily (BD) for all patients over 100kg for those undergoing
Patients with Paget's Disease of Bone (PDB) more frequently require total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, controversy remains regarding their outcome. This project aims to evaluate the current literature regarding outcomes following THA and TKA in PDB patients. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched on February 15th, 2022. Inclusion criteria comprised studies evaluating outcomes following THA/TKA in PDB patients. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. 19 articles (published between 1976–2022) were included, comprising 58,695 patients (48,766 controls and 10,018 PDB patients), from 209 potentially relevant titles. No study was of high quality. PDB patient pooled mortality was 32.5% at mean 7.8(0.1-20) years following THA and 31.0% at mean 8.5(2-20) years following TKA. PDB patient revision rate was 4.4% at mean 7.2(0-20) years following THA and 2.2% at mean 7.4(2-20) years following TKA. Renal complications, respiratory complications, heterotopic ossification, and surgical site infection were the most common medical and surgical complications. The largest systematic review, to date, evaluating outcomes following THA and TKA in PDB patients. All functional outcome scores improved. PDB patient revision rate was comparable to UK National Joint Registry. However, there is a significant need for prospective matched case-control studies to robustly compare outcomes in PDB patients with unaffected counterparts.
Background. Frequency of primary
Aim. To investigate the validity of threshold values for the Oxford Hip and Knee Score (OHS and OKS) for treatment success 12 months after total knee or hip replacement. Methods. Questionnaires were administered to patients undergoing
Component mal-positioning in total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) can increase the risk of revision for various reasons. Compared to conventional surgery, relatively improved accuracy of implant positioning can be achieved using computer assisted technologies including navigation, patient-specific jigs, and robotic systems. However, it is not known whether application of these technologies has improved prosthesis survival in the real-world. This study aimed to compare risk of revision for all-causes following primary THR and TKR, and revision for dislocation following primary THR performed using computer assisted technologies compared to conventional technique. We performed an observational study using National Joint Registry data. All adult patients undergoing primary THR and TKR for osteoarthritis between 01/04/2003 to 31/12/2020 were eligible. Patients who received metal-on-metal bearing THR were excluded. We generated propensity score weights, using Sturmer weight trimming, based on: age, gender, ASA grade, side, operation funding, year of surgery, approach, and fixation. Specific additional variables included position and bearing for THR and patellar resurfacing for TKR. For THR, effective sample sizes and duration of follow up for conventional versus computer-guided and robotic-assisted analyses were 9,379 and 10,600 procedures, and approximately 18 and 4 years, respectively. For TKR, effective sample sizes and durations of follow up for conventional versus computer-guided, patient-specific jigs, and robotic-assisted groups were 92,579 procedures over 18 years, 11,665 procedures over 8 years, and 644 procedures over 3 years, respectively. Outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and expressed using hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Objectives. We aimed first to summarise minimal clinically important differences
(MCIDs) after
In total hip arthroplasty, a high radiographic inclination angle (RI) of the acetabular component has been linked to short- and long-term complications. There are several factors that lead to RI outliers including cup version, pelvic orientation and angle of the cup introducer relative to the floor. The primary aim of this study was to analyse what increases the risk of having a cup with an RI outside the target zone when controlling cup orientation with a digital inclinometer. In this prospective study, we included 200 consecutive patients undergoing uncemented primary THA in the lateral decubitus position using a posterior approach. Preoperatively, the surgeon determined the target intraoperative inclination (IOItarget). The intra-operative inclination of the cup (IOIcup) was measured with the aid of a digital inclinometer after seating of the acetabular component. Anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were made to measure the RI of the acetabular component. The target zones were defined as 30°-45° and 35°-45° of RI. The operative inclination relative to the sagittal plane of the pelvis (OImath) was calculated based on the radiographic inclination and anteversion angle. The difference between two outcome measures was expressed as Δ.Introduction
Methods
Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are important for assessing the results of lower limb arthroplasty. Unrealistic or uneducated expectations may have a significant negative impact on PROMs even when surgery is technically successful. This study's aim was to quantify pre-operative expectations of Scottish patients undergoing
Background. To aid recovery, rehabilitation is an important adjunct to surgery. Acknowledging the MRC framework for complex interventions we assessed the evidence-base for components of comprehensive rehabilitation in
Background. The Arthroplasty Pain Experience (APEX) studies are two randomised controlled trials in primary
SL-PLUS MIA stem (Smith & Nephew Orthopaedics AG) is a modified implant of Zweymuller type SL-PLUS standard stem (Smith & Nephew Orthopaedics AG). We constructed finite element (FE) models and analysed equivalent stresses in the femur. In addition, we measured bone mineral density (BMD) in the femur by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) after THA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the equivalent stress and to compare the results of the FE analyses with changes in BMD after THA. Twenty-one patients (18 women and 3 men) who underwent primary cementless THA with SL-PLUS MIA or SL-PLUS formed the basis of this study. Eleven patients received SL-PLUS MIA and ten patients received SL-PLUS. Zones were defined according to Gruen's system (zones 1∼7). Computed-tomography (CT) images of the femur were taken before and at 1 week after THA. FE models of the femur and prosthesis were obtained from CT data by Mechanical Finder (Research Center of Computational Mechanics Inc., Tokyo, Japan), software that creates FE models showing individual bone shape and density distribution. Equivalent stresses were analysed in zones 1 to 7 and compared to the DEXA data. FE studies revealed that there was no significant difference in equivalent stress between SL-PLUS MIA and SL-PLUS. BMD was maintained after THA in zones 3, 4, and 5, whereas BMD decreased in zones 2, 6, and 7. In zone 1, BMD decreased in SL-PLUS MIA stem group by 14%, while BMD was maintained in SL-PLUS standard stem.
Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is a well-established, cost-effective treatment for improving function and alleviating pain in patients who have disabling hip disease with excellent long-term results. Based on the excellent results, there is an ongoing trend for THA to be performed in younger and more active patients, having higher physical demands on their new total joints. Polyethylene (PE) wear and its biological consequences are one of the main causes of implant failure in THA. Macrophages phagocytise PE wear particles and this will result in osteolysis and loss of periprosthetic bone. The risk of these complications can be estimated in relation to the amount of volumetric wear based on two assumptions: that the number of PE particles dispersed in the peri-prosthetic tissues is controlled by the amount of PE wear; and that the development of osteolysis and the resulting aseptic loosening is triggered by these PE particles. Based on these assumptions, a model was developed to estimate the osteolysis-free life of a THA, depending on the Linear Wear Rate (LWR) and femoral head size of the PE bearing. A review of the literature was conducted to provide an estimate of the radiologic osteolysis threshold based on the volumetric wear of the PE bearing. This review demonstrates that this radiologic osteolysis threshold is approximated 670 mm3 for conventional PE. The osteolysis-free life of the THA was estimated by simply dividing this threshold volume by the annual Volumetric Wear Rate (VWR) of the bearing. The annual VWR is basically controlled by two parameters: (1) annual LWR and (2) head size, and was calculated by using published formulae. For 28 mm heads, following osteolysis-free life was determined in function of the annual LWR. LWR: 10 µm/y => 116.6 years / LWR: 25 µm/y => 46.6 years / LWR: 50 µm/y => 23.3 years / LWR: 100 µm/y => 11.6 years. For 40 mm heads, following osteolysis-free life was determined in function of the annual LWR. LWR: 10 µm/y => 57.1 years / LWR: 25 µm/y => 22.9 years / LWR: 50 µm/y => 11.4 years / LWR: 100 µm/y => 5.7 years. The osteolysis-free life determined by this model is in good agreement with the clinical results of PE bearings having a 28 mm head size and demonstrates that extreme low LWRs are mandatory to assure a descent osteolysis-free life for THA (PE bearings) using large heads, such as 40 mm. For such head sizes, small variations of the LWR may have large impacts on the osteolysis-free life of the THA.
Introduction. Total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in young patients are associated with high failure rates. We always use cemented
There is much current debate concerning wear and corrosion at the taper junctions of large head total hip replacements, particularly metal-on-metal hips. Is such damage a modern concern or has it always occurred in total hip replacement but not previously noted. To investigate this five explanted V40 Exeter femoral stems (Stryker Howmedica) were obtained following revision surgery at a single centre. In all cases, the 24–26 mm femoral heads were still attached. In conventional ‘small head’ modular hip prostheses such as the Exeter, negligible wear and corrosion is seen at the taper junction of explanted devices.Introduction
Hypothesis
Introduction. The treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in young and active patients remains a challenge. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the clinical and radiographic results of the two different hip resurfacing systems; hemi-resurfacing and metal-on-metal total hip resurfacing in patients with ONFH. Methods. This study was a retrospective review of 20 patients with 30 hips who had ONFH and underwent hemi-resurfacing or total hip resurfacing between November 2002 and February 2006. We mainly performed hemi-resurfacing for early stage ONFH, and total hip resurfacing for advanced stages. Fifteen hips in 11 patients had a hemi-resurfacing component (Conserve, Wright Medical Co) with a mean age at operation of 50 years and an average follow-up of 5.5 years. Fifteen hips in 10 patients had a metal-on-metal total hip resurfacing component (Birmingham hip resurfacing, Smith & Nephew Co.) with a mean age at operation of 40 years and an average follow-up years. Results. The average postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) hip scores were 86 points in hemi-resurfacing and 96 points in total hip resurfacing. The difference of pain score was a main factor to explain the difference of
GIRFT was published in the United Kingdom with the aim of streamlining primary care pathways, secondary care, creating a network of hospitals and treatment centres and to better regulate introduction of new implants. It also proposed the use of Orthopaedic Devices Evaluation Panel (ODEP) 10A* rated cemented implants in hip arthroplasty. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of adopting GIRFT on surgical time, length of stay, changes to the implants used and number of cases per surgical list. Prior to adopting GIRFT, elective primary total hip replacement (THR) was predominantly uncemented THR. Age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), American Society of Anesthetiss (ASA), closure technique and surgical time of 50 consecutive primary uncemented THR were analysed to identify the appropriate statistical methods. Mean and standard deviation for surgical time were identified. Threshold increase in surgical time was set at 20 minutes. Based on expected difference of 20 minutes and standardised difference, minimum sample size was calculated to be 19. Prospective data on 60 consecutive uncemented THR and 30 consecutive cemented primary THR were included in this study. Inclusion criteria – primary THR for arthritis by single surgeon. Exclusion criteria – previous hip surgery, complex primary, abnormal anatomy. No differences in age, sex, BMI, ASA and length of stay between the two groups. Surgical time was significantly increased by 28 minutes (p<0.001). Implants used changed from 7A*/5A* uncemented THR to 10A* (18/30) and 7A*(12/30) cemented THR. There was a reduction in number of THR done per surgical list due to the increase in surgical time (3 instead of 4). GIRFT compliance improved from 0% cemented to 100% cemented. 0% 10A* rated implants to 66% 10A* rated implants. Undertaking cemented THR instead of uncemented THR is associated with significantly increased surgical time. Hence, number of THR surgeries performed in a day's list is accordingly reduced. There is potential for financial loss when the savings in the implants used is compared with the reduction in the number of surgeries performed.
We made a semiquantitative study of the comparative histology of pseudomembranes from 12 loose cemented ceramic-ceramic and 18 metal-polyethylene total hip replacements. We found no significant difference in cellular reaction between the two groups, but there was a major difference in the origin of the particulate debris. In the metal-polyethylene group, polyethylene of articular origin was predominant, while in the ceramic-ceramic group the cellular reaction appeared to be a response to zirconia ceramic particles used to opacify cement used for fixation. Isolation and characterisation of the debris showed that the zirconia particles formed the greatest proportion (76%) in ceramic-ceramic hips, while alumina debris of articular origin formed only 12%. Our study has indicated that aseptic loosening of ceramic cups is not due to a response to debris generated at the articular interface, but to mechanical factors which lead to fragmentation of the cement.
The frictional torque of ceramic-on-ceramic bearings tended to increase with increasing the bearings size (32, 48, 56mm). However, the frictional torque was significantly lower than that measured on metal-on-metal bearings under well positioned and well lubricated conditions. Larger head size in total hip replacement theoretically provides increased range of motion and enhanced stability. However, there are potential clinical concerns regarding increased frictional torques with large diameter metal-on-metal bearings causing loosening of the acetabular cups and corrosion at the taper. The aim of this study was to determine the frictional torques of large diameter BIOLOX® delta ceramic-on-ceramic bearings.Summary Statement
Introduction