Aims

This study was performed to explore the effect of melatonin on pyroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and the underlying mechanism of that effect.

Aim:. AIS causes a loss of trunk height. This paper documents this loss against sitting height standards and assesses formulae for adjusting height loss back to the standard. Methods:. A total of 334 patients (84% female) with AIS and no other known systemic disease had sitting height measured. This was compared to standards of sitting height with age and the ratio of height to sitting height with age (HSH). The corrected height was calculated using published formulae and replotted against these standards. Results:. Both sexes had significant numbers of patients under the 5th centile compared to those above the 95th centile for sitting height (p<0.05 in males and females) and for HSH centiles (p<0.05 in males and females). All formulae increased the sitting height back to within the standards. In males only the Ylikoski formula demonstrated any significant difference in sitting height and HSH. In females the Kono formula gave the least significant difference between those above and below the 95th and 5. th. centiles for sitting height and the Hwang formula for HSH. Discussion:. Scoliosis causes a loss of sitting height seen with the centile standards for sitting height and height to sitting height ratios. This can be corrected, the most accurate formula being Hwang, correcting the data to lie between the 5th and 95th centiles for sitting height with no significant difference between the number of outliers to these centiles. Outliers after use of this formula may suggest alternative pathology. Conflict Of Interest Statement: No conflict of interest

Aims

We performed a retrospective, comparative study of elderly patients with an increased risk from anaesthesia who had undergone either anterior screw fixation (ASF) or halo vest immobilisation (HVI) for a type II odontoid fracture.

Between 1993 and 2008, 41 patients underwent total coccygectomy for coccydynia which had failed to respond to six months of conservative management. Of these, 40 patients were available for clinical review and 39 completed a questionnaire giving their evaluation of the effect of the operation. Excellent or good results were obtained in 33 of the 41 patients, comprising 18 of the 21 patients with coccydynia due to trauma, five of the eight patients with symptoms following childbirth and ten of 12 idiopathic onset. In eight patients the results were moderate or poor, although none described worse pain after the operation. The only post-operative complication was superficial wound infection which occurred in five patients and which settled fully with antibiotic treatment. One patient required re-operation for excision of the distal cornua of the sacrum.

Total coccygectomy offered satisfactory relief of pain in the majority of patients regardless of the cause of their symptoms.

We evaluated 30 patients with cervical myelopathy before and after decompressive surgery and compared them with 42 healthy controls. All were asked to grip and release their fingers as rapidly as possible for 15 seconds. Films recorded with a digital camera were divided into three files of five seconds each. Three doctors independently counted the number of grip and release cycles in a blinded manner (N1 represents the number of cycles for the first five-second segment, N2 for the second and N3 for the third). N2 and N3 of the pre-operative group were significantly fewer than those of the control group, and the postoperative group’s results were significantly greater than those of the pre-operative group. In the control group, the numbers decreased significantly with each succeeding five-second interval (fatigue phenomenon). In the pre-operative myelopathy group there was no significant difference between N1 and N2 (freezing phenomenon).

The 15-second test is shown to be reliable in the quantitative evaluation of cervical myelopathy. Although it requires a camera and animation files, it can detect small changes in neurological status because of its precise and objective nature.

We reviewed 87 patients who had undergone expansive cervical laminoplasty between 1999 and 2005. These were divided into two groups: those who had diabetes mellitus and those who did not. There were 31 patients in the diabetes group and 56 in the control group. Although a significant improvement in the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was seen in both groups, the post-operative recovery rate in the control group was better than that of the diabetic group. The patients’ age and symptom duration adversely affected the rate of recovery in the diabetic group only. Smoking did not affect the outcome in either group. A logistic regression analysis found diabetes and signal changes in the spinal cord on MRI to be significant risk factors for a poor outcome (odds ratio 2.86, 3.02, respectively). Furthermore, the interaction of diabetes with smoking and/or age increased this risk.

We conclude that diabetes mellitus, or the interaction of this with old age, can adversely affect outcome after cervical laminoplasty. However, smoking alone cannot be regarded as a risk factor.