Purpose of the study is to investigate the outcome of the patients with Perthes disease who have had a surgical dislocation of their hip for the treatment of resultant symptoms from the disease process. Retrospective review of consecutive patients treated with surgical dislocation of the hip for Perthes disease. Review of clinical case notes and radiological imaging. Patient outcome was assessed at follow-up. Between 2010 and 2015, 31 cases of surgical hip dislocation were performed for Perthes disease at our institution by 2 senior surgeons. Age range at time of surgery was 12–33. Male:female ratio was 13:18; right:left ratio was 15:17. Age at the time of Perthes diagnosis was between 3 and 13 years, with 3 diagnosed retrospectively. Mean follow-up was 18months. All patients had an EUA and arthrogram while 61.3%(19/31) had previous surgery for Perthes. 71%(22/31) required a labral repair, 6.5%(2/31) had a peri-acetabular osteotomy at the time of surgery and 3.2%(1/31) required a proximal femoral valgus osteotomy. 22.5%(7/31) required microfracture (femoral head or acetabulum): all of whom had evidence of contained area of degenerative changes on preoperative MRI. 64.5%(20/31) had the trochanteric screws removed. Complications included 1 greater trochanter non-union, 1 pain secondary to suture anchor impinging on psoas tendon, 1 AVN leading to early THR 12 months post-op. Another 2 had further deterioration of degenerative changes and pain leading to THR 18 and 24 months post-op. All 3(9.7%) had microfracture at the time of the dislocation for established degenerative change and also required custom made prostheses. Surgical hip dislocation is an option in treating Perthes patient with resultant symptoms such as impingement. Improved outcome is seen in patients who are younger with a congruent hip joint in contrast to those with established degenerative change evident on MRI / intraoperatively and have an arrow shaped femoral head

Purpose. We share our experience in management of failed in-situ pinning in severe unstable Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) by surgical dislocation approach. Method. A retrospective review of hip database from 2006 to 2013 showed 41 children underwent surgical dislocation for SCFE. We identified seven who had severe slip with failed in-situ pinning. Results. The mean age at presentation was 11.9 years (10–14 years). The average interval between in-situ pinning and surgical dislocation was 10 months (2 to 18 months). The mean follow-up was 50.14 months (25 – 66 months). The mean preoperative slip angle in the oblique plane was 76° (61.1° – 121.5°), the mean preoperative alpha angle was 127.3° (93.1° – 145°), and preoperative head neck offset was −12.7mm (0 – −21.2mm). The mean corrections at latest follow-up were oblique plane slip angle 20.6° (4.2° – 41.8°), alpha angle 51.3° (45.3° – 58°), and head-neck offset 9.5mm (1 – 16.2mm). The mean Modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS) preoperatively was 19.57 (0 – 56) and the mean non-arthritic hip score (NAHS) was 21.07 (5 – 51.5). The mean MHHS at the last visit was 88.97 (71 – 96) and NAHS was 84.28 (69.5 – 91). All patients had gross external rotation deformity at presentation; mean internal rotation of 25° ranging from (0 – 40°) was achieved at follow-up. Four patients had avascular necrosis identified on subtraction MRI scan preoperatively. These four underwent second stage hinged distraction of the hip. Mean duration of hinged distraction was 7.6 months. At follow-up 4 had Tonnis 0, one Tonnis 1 and two Tonnis 2 grade of osteoarthritis. Conclusion. The short-term result of our protocol for management of failed in-situ pinning by staged surgical dislocation and hinged distraction has been encouraging. This could potentially prolong the life of native hip to the third decade of life before definitive salvage procedures could be contemplated

We present our experience of the modified Dunn procedure in combination with a Ganz surgical dislocation of the hip to treat patients with severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). The aim was to prospectively investigate whether this technique is safe and reproducible. We assessed the degree of reduction, functional outcome, rate of complications, radiological changes and range of movement in the hip. There were 28 patients with a mean follow-up of 38.6 months (24 to 84). The lateral slip angle was corrected by a mean of 50.9° (95% confidence interval 44.3 to 57.5). The mean modified Harris hip score at the final follow-up was 89.1 (. sd. 9.0) and the mean Non-Arthritic Hip score was 91.3 (. sd. 9.0). Two patients had proven pre-existing avascular necrosis and two developed the condition post-operatively. There were no cases of nonunion, implant failure, infection, deep-vein thrombosis or heterotopic ossification. The range of movement at final follow-up was nearly normal. This study adds to the evidence that the technique of surgical dislocation and anatomical reduction is safe and reliable in patients with SCFE. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:424–9

Purpose. This report compares midterm results of open neck osteoplasty + neck osteotomy vs arthroscopic osteoplasty for severe Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE). Method. Database from 2006 to 2013 identified 22 patients out of 187 operations for SCFE. 12 underwent Open Neck Osteotomy (ONO) and osteoplasty by Ganz surgical dislocation approach. 10 underwent Arthroscopic Osteoplasty (AO). The mean follow-up for the ONO and AO groups were 59 (46 – 70), 36.1 (33 – 46) months respectively. Results. The unpaired t-test showed that the post-operative corrections were significantly better in the ONO than the AO group. Slip angle (16.7° (1°–28.6°) Vs 47.1° (40.2° – 53.5°) p = .0003), head neck offset correction (5mm (2–13mm) Vs 0mm (0mm – 2mm) p = 0.0003), alpha angle (34.6° (23.2°–45.6°) Vs 61.88° (52.1° – 123°) p= 0.0003), Modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS) (90(86.2–99) Vs 75.5 (58.75 – 96.8) p= 0.003) and internal rotation p= 0.0002. Paired t-test showed significant improvement in corrections within the individual groups compared with their own preoperative values. The results of AO group were oblique plane slip angle (55° (47.7° – 63.2°) Vs 47.1° (40.2° – 53.5°) p= 0.001), alpha angle (90.7° (65° – 131°) Vs 61.88° (52.1° – 123°) p= 0.0001), head neck offset (0mm (−3 mm to 0mm) Vs 0mm (0mm – 2mm) p= 0.001) and MHHS (52.7 (28.7 – 89.1) Vs 75.5 (58.75 – 96.8) p= 0.0005). Complications in ONO group were varus malunion (1) and non-union(1) of the osteotomy. In the arthroscopic group persistent impingement in 3 patients and 5 were not able to return to sports. Conclusion. Our results showed improved hip function following arthroscopic osteoplasty in severe SCFE. Considering the risks of an open surgical dislocation we could find that arthroscopy contributed worthy improvement in hip function in low demand patients

Aims

The aim of this study was to inform the epidemiology and treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE).

The purpose of this study was to determine the oblique plane deformity in slipped upper femoral epiphysis. A retrospective radiographic review was undertaken in patients admitted with a slipped upper femoral epiphysis between March 2008 and October 2010. Patients in whom a CT scan had been performed in addition to plain radiographs were assessed further. Angular deformity in the coronal and sagittal planes were measured by the angle formed between the femoral neck and a line perpendicular to the physis on the AP pelvic radiograph and the axial CT scan respectively. The magnitude and direction of the resultant deformity was defined in the oblique plane. Additional demographic data (gender, age, side, procedure and complications) was collected. Seven girls, average age of 12 (range 10 – 13) and 6 boys, average age of 13 (range 10 – 15) were identified. The slip was bilateral in 2, left sided in 6 and right sided in 5 cases. Two patients were pinned in situ, 8 had surgical dislocation performed to facilitate reduction prior to pinning and 3 patients had secondary procedures performed following in situ pinning. The average angulation in the oblique posteroinferior plane (25 degrees) was less than in the coronal (30 degrees) and the sagittal planes (62 degrees). The average magnitude was 67mm (range 31 – 88). CT is useful adjunct particularly when a frog legged lateral view is not possible because of pain or the fear of further displacement. Determination of the deformity in the oblique plane may aid in positioning of the screw during in situ pinning and may be helpful in identifying patients in whom pinning maybe difficult

Slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE) is the most common hip disorder to affect adolescents. Controversy exists over the optimal treatment of severe slips, with a continuing debate between in situ fixation versus corrective surgery. We present our experience in a series of 57 patients presenting with severe unilateral SUFE (defined > 50°) managed with a subcapital cuneiform osteotomy.

Between 2001 and 2011, 57 patients (35 male, 22 female) with a mean age of 13.1 years (9.6 to 20.3, SD 2.3) were referred to our tertiary referral institution with a severe slip. The affected limb was rested in slings and springs before corrective surgery which was performed via an anterior Smith-Petersen approach. Radiographic analysis confirmed an improvement in mean head–shaft slip angle from 53.8^o (standard deviation (sd) 3.2) pre-operatively to 9.1^o (sd 3.1) post-operatively, with minimal associated femoral neck shortening. In total 50 (88%) patients were complication free at a mean follow-up of seven years (2.8 to 13.9 years, sd 3). Their mean Oxford hip score was 44 (37 to 48) and median visual analogue pain score was 0 out of 10 (interquartile range 0 to 4). A total of six patients (10.5%) developed avascular necrosis requiring further surgery and one (1.8%) patient developed chondrolysis but declined further intervention.

This is a technically demanding operation with variable outcomes reported in the literature. We have demonstrated good results in our tertiary centre.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1718–25.

We undertook a retrospective comparative study of all patients with an unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis presenting to a single centre between 1998 and 2011. There were 45 patients (46 hips; mean age 12.6 years; 9 to 14); 16 hips underwent intracapsular cuneiform osteotomy and 30 underwent pinning in situ, with varying degrees of serendipitous reduction. No patient in the osteotomy group was lost to follow-up, which was undertaken at a mean of 28 months (11 to 48); four patients in the pinning in situ group were lost to follow-up, which occurred at a mean of 30 months (10 to 50). Avascular necrosis (AVN) occurred in four hips (25%) following osteotomy and in 11 (42%) following pinning in situ. AVN was not seen in five hips for which osteotomy was undertaken > 13 days after presentation. AVN occurred in four of ten (40%) hips undergoing emergency pinning in situ, compared with four of 15 (47%) undergoing non-emergency pinning. The rate of AVN was 67% (four of six) in those undergoing pinning on the second or third day after presentation.

Pinning in situ following complete reduction led to AVN in four out of five cases (80%). In comparison, pinning in situ following incomplete reduction led to AVN in 7 of 21 cases (33%). The rate of development of AVN was significantly higher following pinning in situ with complete reduction than following intracapsular osteotomy (p = 0.048). Complete reduction was more frequent in those treated by emergency pinning and was strongly associated with AVN (p = 0.005).

Non-emergency intracapsular osteotomy may have a protective effect on the epiphyseal vasculature and should be undertaken with a delay of at least two weeks. The place of emergency pinning in situ in these patients needs to be re-evaluated, possibly in favour of an emergency open procedure or delayed intracapsular osteotomy. Non-emergency pinning in situ should be undertaken after a delay of at least five days, with the greatest risk at two and three days after presentation. Intracapsular osteotomy should be undertaken after a delay of at least 14 days. In our experience, closed epiphyseal reduction is harmful.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:412–19.

The aim of this study was to determine whether an osteoplasty of the femoral neck performed at the same time as an intertrochanteric Imhäuser osteotomy led to an improved functional outcome or increased morbidity. A total of 20 hips in 19 patients (12 left, 8 right, 13 male, 6 female), who underwent an Imhäuser intertrochanteric osteotomy following a slipped capital femoral epiphysis were assessed over an eight-year period. A total of 13 hips in 13 patients had an osteoplasty of the femoral neck at the same time. The remaining six patients (seven hips) had intertrochanteric osteotomy alone. The mean age was 15.3 years (13 to 20) with a mean follow-up of 57.8 months (15 to 117); 19 of the slips were severe (Southwick grade III) and one was moderate (grade II), with a mean slip angle of 65.3° (50° to 80°); 17 of the slips were stable and three unstable at initial presentation. The mean Non-Arthritic Hip Scores (NAHS) in patients who underwent osteoplasty was 91.7 (76.3 to 100) and the mean NAHS in patients who did not undergo osteoplasty was 76.6 (41.3 to 100) (p = 0.056). Two patients required a subsequent arthroplasty and neither of these patients had an osteoplasty. No hips developed osteonecrosis or chondrolysis, and there was no increase in complications related to the osteoplasty. We recommend that for patients with a slipped upper femoral epiphysis undergoing an intertrochanteric osteotomy, the addition of an osteoplasty of the femoral neck should be considered.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1119–23.

Between June 2001 and November 2008 a modified Dunn osteotomy with a surgical hip dislocation was performed in 30 hips in 28 patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Complications and clinical and radiological outcomes after a mean follow-up of 3.8 years (1.0 to 8.5) were documented. Subjective outcome was assessed using the Harris hip score and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index questionnaire.

Anatomical or near-anatomical reduction was achieved in all cases. The epiphysis in one hip showed no perfusion intra-operatively and developed avascular necrosis. There was an excellent outcome in 28 hips. Failure of the implants with a need for revision surgery occurred in four hips.

Anatomical reduction can be achieved by this technique, with a low risk of avascular necrosis. Cautious follow-up is necessary in order to avoid implant failure.