Despite the current trend favoring surgical treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs), studies have not been able to demonstrate superior functional outcomes when compared to non-operative treatment. These fractures are notoriously difficult to reduce. Studies investigating surgical fixation often lack information about the quality of reduction even though it may play an important role in the success of this procedure. We wanted to establish if, amongst surgically treated DIACF, an anatomic reduction led to improved functional outcomes at 12 months. From July 2011 to December 2020, at a level I trauma center, 84 patients with an isolated DIACF scheduled for surgical fixation with plate and screws using a lateral extensile approach were enrolled in this prospective cohort study and followed over a 12-month period. Post-operative computed tomography (CT) imaging of bilateral feet was obtained to assess surgical reduction using a combination of pre-determined parameters: Böhler's angle, calcaneal height, congruence and articular step-off of the posterior facet and calcaneocuboid (CC) joint. Reduction was judged anatomic when Böhler's angle and calcaneal height were within 20% of the contralateral foot while the posterior facet and CC joint had to be congruent with a step-off less than 2 mm. Several functional scores related to foot and ankle pathology were used to evaluate functional outcomes (American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score - AOFAS, Lower Extremity Functional Score - LEFS, Olerud and Molander Ankle Score - OMAS, Calcaneal Functional Scoring System - CFSS, Visual Analog Scale for pain - VAS) and were compared between anatomic and nonanatomic DIAFCs using Student's t-test. Demographic data and information about injury severity were collected for each patient. Among the 84 enrolled patients, 6 were excluded while 11 were lost to follow-up. Thirty-nine patients had a nonanatomic reduction while 35 patients had an anatomic reduction (47%). Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. When we compared the injury severity as defined by the Sanders’ Classification, we did not find a significant difference. In other words, the nonanatomic group did not have a greater proportion of complex fractures. Anatomically reduced DIACFs showed significantly superior results at 12 months for all but one scoring system (mean difference at 12 months: AOFAS 3.97, p = 0.12; LEFS 7.46, p = 0.003; OMAS 13.6, p = 0.002, CFSS 7.5, p = 0.037; VAS −1.53, p = 0.005). Univariate analyses did not show that smoking status, worker's compensation or body mass index were associated with functional outcomes. Moreover, fracture severity could not predict functional outcomes at 12 months. This study showed superior functional outcomes in patients with a DIACF when an anatomic reduction is achieved regardless of the injury severity

Despite the current trend favoring surgical treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs), studies have not been able to demonstrate superior functional outcomes when compared to non-operative treatment. These fractures are notoriously difficult to reduce. Studies investigating surgical fixation often lack information about the quality of reduction even though it may play an important role in the success of this procedure. We wanted to establish if, amongst surgically treated DIACF, an anatomic reduction led to improved functional outcomes at 12 months. From July 2011 to December 2020, at a level I trauma center, 84 patients with an isolated DIACF scheduled for surgical fixation with plate and screws using a lateral extensile approach were enrolled in this prospective cohort study and followed over a 12-month period. Post-operative computed tomography (CT) imaging of bilateral feet was obtained to assess surgical reduction using a combination of pre-determined parameters: Böhler's angle, calcaneal height, congruence and articular step-off of the posterior facet and calcaneocuboid (CC) joint. Reduction was judged anatomic when Böhler's angle and calcaneal height were within 20% of the contralateral foot while the posterior facet and CC joint had to be congruent with a step-off less than 2 mm. Several functional scores related to foot and ankle pathology were used to evaluate functional outcomes (American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score - AOFAS, Lower Extremity Functional Score - LEFS, Olerud and Molander Ankle Score - OMAS, Calcaneal Functional Scoring System - CFSS, Visual Analog Scale for pain – VAS) and were compared between anatomic and nonanatomic DIAFCs using Student's t-test. Demographic data and information about injury severity were collected for each patient. Among the 84 enrolled patients, 6 were excluded while 11 were lost to follow-up. Thirty-nine patients had a nonanatomic reduction while 35 patients had an anatomic reduction (47%). Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. When we compared the injury severity as defined by the Sanders’ Classification, we did not find a significant difference. In other words, the nonanatomic group did not have a greater proportion of complex fractures. Anatomically reduced DIACFs showed significantly superior results at 12 months for all but one scoring system (mean difference at 12 months: AOFAS 3.97, p = 0.12; LEFS 7.46, p = 0.003; OMAS 13.6, p = 0.002, CFSS 7.5, p = 0.037; VAS −1.53, p = 0.005). Univariate analyses did not show that smoking status, worker's compensation or body mass index were associated with functional outcomes. Moreover, fracture severity could not predict functional outcomes at 12 months. This study showed superior functional outcomes in patients with a DIACF when an anatomic reduction is achieved regardless of the injury severity

Introduction. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious problem and requires great effort and cost for its treatment. Treatment options may vary from resection arthroplasty, retention of prosthesis with debridement, one stage revision and two stage revision with handmade antibiotic impregnated cement spacer or with prefabricated antibiotic loaded cement spacer. Two stage revision remains the gold standard for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection after Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). This study was aimed to find the efficacy and cost effectiveness of handmade antibiotic impregnated articulating cement spacer over commercially available prefabricated antibiotic loaded cement spacer for the treatment of deep PJI of hip prosthesis and to evaluate its functional outcome. Material and methods. A total of 23 PJI patients were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. In the two stages of revision, the first stage consisted of thorough debridement, implant removal and implantation of handmade articulating antibiotic impregnated cement spacer. The second stage surgery consisted of removal of cement spacer, thorough debridement and implantation of new prosthesis. All patients were followed for a period of 24 months. Results. A total of 23 patients (15 males and 8 females) underwent two stage revision arthroplasty for chronic periprosthetic joint infection. The mean age of the patient was 57 years. The handmade antibiotic impregnated cement spacer was retained for 16– 20 weeks. Common organism observed was coagulase negative staphylococci followed by Staphylococcus aureus. After an average follow up of 2 years, 20 patients with PJI remained clinically free of infection. In 2 patients there was recurrence of infection. Conclusion. We conclude that two stage revision by hand made cement spacer is successful in eradication of infection with satisfactory functional outcome. Furthermore, these handmade cement spacer are cost effective and their efficacy may be comparable to commercially available prefabricated spacer

Aim. Current guidelines recommend the combination of vancomycin with either piperacillin-tazobactam (PT) or a third generation cephalosporin (3GC) as empirical antimicrobial therapy of PJI, immediately after surgery. However, clinical and biological safeties of such high dose-combinations are poorly known. Method. All patients managed in a reference center in France between 2011 and 2016 receiving an empirical antimicrobial therapy for PJI were included in a prospective cohort study. Antimicrobial-related AE upcoming during the empirical treatment phase were describe according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCEA), and severe ones (grade ≥ 3) were reported to pharmacovigilance. AE determinants were assessed using univariate logistic regression. Results. Three hundred and thirty-one patients (166 males, 50.2%; median age, 70.1 (IQR, 59.4–79.1) years) with empirically-treated PJI were included. Vancomycin (n=228; 68.9%), teicoplanin (n=33; 10.0%), antistaphylococcal penicillin (n=29; 8.8%) and daptomycin (n=4; 1.2%) were the most commonly used anti-Gram positive antimicrobials. Most common combinations were vancomycin-PT (n=122;36.9%) and vancomycin-3GC (n=33; 10.0%). Forty-two (12.7%) patients experienced 49 AE in a median delay of 8 (IQR, 5–13) days. They included 25 acute kidney injuries (AKI; 7.6% of patients) including 16 (4.8%) without vancomycin overdose, 4 drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, isolated fevers, rashes or pruritus (1.2% each), 3 eosinophilia (0.9%), 2 hepatitis (0.6%), and one febrile neutropenia, injection site reaction or vomiting (0.3% each). Ten AE were considered as severe (3.0% of patients). Treatment has to be stopped in most cases (n=38; 95.0%). All AE had a favorable outcome. In univariate analysis, the use of vancomycin (OR 6.878; p=0.026) and/or PT (OR 3.667; p<10–3), and consequently the vancomycin-PT combination (OR 4.149; p<10–3) were found to be determinants of empirical antimicrobial therapy-related AE. Moreover, vancomycin-PT combination was found as an AKI risk-factor (OR 8.000; p<10–3). Conclusions. Empirical antimicrobial therapy of PJI is associated with a high rate of AE. These results reinforce recent data suggesting an increased risk of AKI when using vancomycin in combination with PT and encouraging the preferential use of 3GC or cefepim in this indication

Malnutrition is often associated with the advanced age and can be influenced by physical, mental, social and environmental changes. Hip fracture is a major issue and a prior poor nutritional status is associated with higher rates of perioperative complications and prolonged hospital length of stay. Prospective observational cohort study performed in a Level one trauma center including 189 consecutive patients admitted for hip fracture. The main outcome measure was the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), a specific tool validated for geriatric population. This questionnaire was performed at admission by an independent assessor, at the same time as a large set of demographic and functional data. Blood samples were tested for blood count and albuminemia. Two groups were constituted and analysed according to a MNA score ≥ 24 (lower limit for normal nutritional status). Factors explored included physical and mental items. Impact of malnutrition was determined on hospital length of stay (HLS), discharge in an adverse location than prior to admission (DAL), complications and mortality rate. The rate of patients with malnutrition (or at risk) in this study is 47% (88 patients). Patients with a MNA < 24 are older (84.81 yrs ± 7.75 vs 80.41 ± 8.11, p<0,01), have more comorbidities (Charlson 2.8 ± 2.21 vs 1.67 ± 3.10, p<0,01), a more impaired mental (MMSE 19.39±8.55 vs 25.6±3.6, p<0,01) or physical status (MIF 105.3 ± 26.6 vs 121.8 ± 6.4, p< 0,01). Blood samples are not selective to detect malnutrition (p=0,64). Malnutrition is associated with a longer HLS (26.04±23.39 days vs 13.95±11.34 days, p<0,01), a greater DAL (58.9% vs 38.2%, p=0,02) and a higher one year mortality rate (23.9% vs 8.9 %, p<0,01). The prevalence of malnutrition in a geriatric population admitted for hip fracture is high. Blood samples at admission have clearly a poor value and a systematic screening with the MNA is mandatory. An early diagnosis will target specific interventions to reduce the physical and socio-economic impact of the malnutrition. Future studies should focus on actions in the perioperative stage (fast-track surgery, nutritional protocols, analgesia) and their impact on the socio-economic burden

Background. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains challenging as a “gold standard” for diagnosis has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of synovial fluid procalcitonin (SF-PCT) and serum procalcitonin as diagnostic biomarker for PJI and compared their accuracy with standard methods. Materials and Methods. A single-centered prospective cohort study was conducted between 2015–2017 in 32 patients with painful hip or knee arthroplasty underwent revision surgery. Relevant clinical and laboratory data were collected. PJI was diagnosed based on the 2013 international consensus criteria. Preoperative blood sample and intraoperatively acquired joint fluid were taken for PCT measurement with a standard assay. Diagnostic accuracy was analyzed by the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC). Results. Twenty patients (62.5%) were classified as PJI, and 12 of them (37.5%) were classified as aseptic loosening group. The median age was 68 years (range 38–87 years). The median values of SF-PCT and serum PCT in PJI group were both significant higher than those in aseptic loosening group: the median serum PCT levels (interquartile range: IQR) were 0.33 ng/mL (0.08–2.79 ng/mL) in PJI group compared with 0.04 ng/mL (0.03–0.06 ng/mL), and the median SF-PCT levels (IQR) were 0.16 ng/mL (0.12–0.26 ng/mL) in PJI group compared with 0.00 (0.00–0.00 ng/mL) (p<0.001 both) (Fig 1). SF-PCT, with a cut-off level as 0.08 ng/mL, had a AUC of 0.87, a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 83.3%, and a negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of 0.12. Whereas serum PCT, with a standard cut-off level as 0.5 ng/mL, had a AUC of 0.70, a sensitivity of 40.0% and a specificity of 100.0%, and a LR- of 0.60. (Fig 2–3). Conclusion. SF-PCT appears to be a reliable test and could be useful as an alternative indicator or in combination for the diagnosis of PJI

Introduction

Recent technological advancements have led to the introduction of robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty to improve the accuracy and precision of bony resections and implant position. However, the in vivo accuracy is not widely reported. The primary objective of this study is to determine the accuracy and precision of a cut block positioning robotic arm.

The use of total hip arthroplasty in adolescents for end-stage degenerative hip disease is controversial with few reported outcomes in the literature. The purpose of the study was to report the outcomes of total hip arthroplasty in a cohort of adolescents managed by a multidisciplinary team of paediatric and adult orthopaedic surgeons from a single centre.

A multidisciplinary clinic consisting of paediatric and adult hip surgeons was established in 2013 to identify, treat and prospectively follow adolescents who would potentially beneift from a total hip arthoplasty. To date 29 consecutive adolescent patients (20 female, 9 male, 32 hips) with end stage degenerative hip disease have undergone cementless primary total hip arthroplasty. Mean age at decision to treat was 15.7 years (age 11.4–18.5). Ten different underlying paediatric specific pathologies were documented including DDH, cerebral palsy, JIA, skeletal dysplasias, SCFE and idiopathic chondrolysis. Three patients had bilateral staged procedures. Clinical baseline and outcomes were measured using Oxford Hip Score (OHS), WOMAC score and ASKp scores. Radiographic follow-up was conducted at 6 weeks, 6 months and yearly thereafter. Post-operative complications were recorded.

Twenty-five hips were eligible for minimum 2-year follow-up scoring at a mean 2.7 years (2.0–3.6 years). No intraoperative complications occurred. One case of recalcitrant postoperative psoas tendonitis occured. OHS improved from 25 (7–43) to 41 (23–48). WOMAC improved from 48 (12–8) to 12 (1–44), and ASKp improved from 78% (33–98%) to 93% (73–100%). Radiographic review revealed acceptable alignment of all components with no signs of loosening or wear. No revision of components was required. One patient died at 6 months post op from an unrelated condition.

The early term results of total hip arthroplasty in adolescents from our multidisciplinary program are encouraging. Improvements in quality of life to normal values were seen as were hip scores consistent with satisfactory joint function. Depite the range of complex and varied causes of arthritis seen in this population the establishment of combined paediatric and adult orthopaedic surgical teams appears to be a successful model to manage end-stage degenerative hip disease in adolescents.

Aim

As the number of performed total hip arthroplasties (THA) and total knee arthroplasties (TKA) has increased over the years, revision surgeries are expected to increase as well. Revision surgeries are associated with a longer operating room time, prolonged length of stay (LOS), and more frequent complications. Postoperative hematomas are a major reason for wound healing disturbances and periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). We aimed to systematically assess the use and safety of a microporous polysaccharide hemosphere (MPH) in revision THA and TKA. We focused on the risk reduction of further revision surgeries in case of wound healing disorders and hematoma, transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBC), loss of hemoglobin (hb) and mean LOS following the use of MPH.

Purpose of the study:. To describe the incidence, nature, and risk factors associated with upper limb injuries in athletes participating in the London 2012 Paralympic Games. Materials and methods:. This study formed a component of the large prospective cohort study conducted over the 14-day period of the London 2012 Paralympic Games, coordinated through the IPC Medical Committee. Daily injury data were collected by team physicians in 3 329 athletes (46 606 athlete days) participating in the study, and 258 upper limb injuries were recorded. The incidence proportion (IP=number of injuries per 100 athletes), and incidence (number of injuries per 1000 athlete days) of upper limb injuries was calculated. Results:. The overall IP (with 95% CI) of upper limb injuries was 7,2 (6,4–8,1), with an incidence of 5,2 (4,6–5,8). Shoulder injuries were encountered most frequently with an overall incidence of 2,2 (1,85–2,7) and caused the greatest amount of time lost from sport. The incidence of shoulder injuries by sport was 8,8 (5,4–13,5) in powerlifting, 5,0 (2,1–9,8) in Judo, 2,8 (1,2–5,6) in wheelchair basketball, and 2,7 (1,6–4,2) in swimming. The incidence of injuries of the wrist and hand was 3,9 (1,4–8,5) in goal ball, 3,2 (1,5–6,0) in wheelchair basketball, and 2,8 (1,3–5,4) in table tennis. The majority of upper limb injuries occurred in athletes with spinal cord injuries (38,3%) and athletes with amputation or limb deficiency (28,4%). Rotator cuff impingement syndrome and chronic rotator cuff injury were the most frequent specific diagnoses in the upper limb injuries. Conclusion:. To date, this is the largest study evaluating upper limb injuries at the Paralympic Games. The shoulder is the anatomical region most frequently injured and caused the greatest time lost from sport. Type of sport, older age group, and athlete disability category were identified as risk factors for upper limb injuries

Recurrent anterior shoulder instability (RASI) is related to progressive bone loss on the glenoid and on the humeral head. Bone deficit magnitude is a well-recognized predictor of recurrence of instability after an arthroscopic Bankart surgery, but the best way to measure it is unknown. In this study, we want to determine which measurement method is the best predictor of recurrence of instability and function.

For 10 years now, all patients undergoing surgery for RASI in 4 centers are included in a prospective study: the LUXE cohort. Patients with a pre-operative CT-scan and a minimum of 1-year follow-up were included. ISIS score was used to stratify patients. WOSI and Quick-Dash questionnaires were used to characterise function. Bone defects were assessed using the Clock method, the Glenoid Ratio, the Humeral Ratio, the Glenoid Track method and the angle of engagement in the axial plane.

A total of 262 patients are now included in the LUXE study. One hundred and three patients met the inclusion criteria for analysis with a majority of male (79%) and a mean age is 28 years old. The median number of dislocations prior to surgery was 6. Seventy patients had an arthroscopic Bankart repair and 33 patients underwent an open Latarjet procedure. The ISIS score for these groups were of 2.7 and 4.8 respectively (p<0.001). The mean bone defect on the glenoid was of 1h51 with the Clock method (range: 0h-4h48; SD=1h46) and of 9% for the glenoid ratio (0–37%, 10%). On the humeral side, the bone defect was of 1h59 (0h-4h08; 0h49) for the Humeral clock method, 15% (0–36%; 6%) with the ratio method and 71 degrees of external rotation (SD=30 degrees) with the angle of engagement measurement. On the combined evaluations, 53 patients presented an off-track lesion, with mean combined hours of 3h53 (SD= 2h13). The greatest correlation obtained was between the glenoid ratio and the glenoid clock method (r=0.919, p<0.001). Eighteen patients had a recurrence of shoulder dislocation after the initial surgery, leading to a recurrence rate of 23% in arthroscopic surgery versus six percent after a Latarjet (OR= 4.6, p=0.034). No bone defect was correlated to Latarjet failure. For the arthroscopic group, the risk of recurrence was related to a smaller angle of engagement of the Hill-Sachs (p=0.05), a smaller Humeral clock measurement (p=0.034) and a longer follow-up (p=0.006). No glenoid or combined measurements were correlated with arthroscopic procedure failure. Recurrence of dislocation was associated to worst function according to the WOSI (1036 vs 573, p=0.002) and DASH (32 vs 15, p=0.03).

Even with lower ISIS score, arthroscopic procedures are still leading to high risk of recurrence in this “all comer” consecutive cohort study AND it is related to humeral side parameters. Recurrence is also affecting daily function and creating higher anxiety related to the shoulder.

Aim

Spinal implant-associated infections (SIAI) require combined surgical and antimicrobial treatment and prolonged hospital stay. We evaluated the clinical, laboratory, microbiological and radiological characteristics and treatment approaches in patients with SIAI.

Aim

Despite several synovial fluid biomarkers for diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) have being investigated, point-of-care (POC) tests using these biomarkers are not widely available. Synovial calprotectin has recently been reported to effectively exclude diagnosis of PJI and a novel lateral flow POC test using it has shown potential to be effective. Thus, the aims of this study were to 1) validate calprotectin POC with enzyme linked immunosorbet assay (ELISA) 2) at 2 separate thresholds for PJI diagnosis in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients using the 2013 Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) PJI diagnosis criteria as the gold standard.

Aim

Radiologic signs such as radiolucent lines around the implant, hardware fracture or displacement and periosteal reaction have been considered suggestive of implant-associated infection. The goal of this study is to assess the correlation of these signs with confirmed internal fixation-associated infection evaluated in a prospective cohort.

Purpose

The hip fracture has been increasing as the aging population continues to grow. Hip fracture patients are more susceptible to blood loss and venous thromboembolism (VTE). The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) in fracture patients undergoing fast-track hemiarthroplasty.

Introduction

There are conflicting reports about the efficacy of injection to the thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) for osteoarthritis (OA). The accuracy of joint injection without radiological control is unclear. We investigated the accuracy of blind injection and recorded their immediate and short term efficacy.

Aim

Unexpected positive infections are distinct entity in prosthetic revision surgery. The prevalence and characteristics of unexpected positive cultures in internal fixation are however less established. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of unexpected diagnosis of infection in a prospective cohort of revision surgeries following internal fixation.

Background

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI), caused by pathogens, for which no biofilm-active antibiotics are available, are often referred to as difficult-to-treat (DTT). It is unclear whether DTT PJI has worse outcome due to unavailability of biofilm-active antibiotics. We evaluated the outcome of DTT and non-DTT PJI managed according to a standardized treatment regimen.

Treat to target is the use of a physiologic marker as a monitor of effectiveness or compliance to an intervention. A recent example has been the progressive use of CTX-1 (Marker of osteoclastic activity) as a surrogate of bone resorptive activity in osteoporosis treatment. CTX-1 levels were demonstrated to be inversely related to drug efficacy in the suppression of bone resorption. As far as fragility fractures are concerned, no reference value of CTX-1 for any index fracture sites was found in the literature. In order to prevent subsequent fractures, efforts to better manage this chronic disease are to be explored. The main objective of this study was to compare and validate the use of serum CTX-1 to the perceived compliance to treatment.

Five hundred and forty three patients (men and women) 40 years of age or older who had been treated for a fragility fracture were enrolled. The purpose of this study was to correlate the measurement of CTX-1 with the perceived compliance to treatment of patients at the time of fracture and at six, 12 and 18 months after initiation of treatment. Our secondary objectives were to evaluate two different CTX-1 suppression target levels (CTX-1< 0.3 ng/mL and CTX-1<0.2 ng/mL), to determine CTX-1 values according to fracture sites, and to explore the profile of patients with subsequent fractures.

Considering index fractures, compliant patients under treatment at baseline had lower CTX-1 levels than non-compliant patients (p=0.052). Patients who were compliant to treatment at six, 12 and 18 months also had lower CTX-1 levels than non-compliant patients (p=0.000). When index fractures were divided into fracture sites, regardless of CTX-1 suppression target level (i.e. CTX-1< 0.3 or 0.2 ng/mL), significant CTX-1 suppression was observed in non-hip and non-vertebral (NHNV) fractures at six, 12 and 18 months (p0.05). No clinically relevant difference was observed between the profile of patients with and without subsequent fractures.

The correlation between serum CTX-1 at the time of fracture and at six, 12, 18 months and the perceived compliance to treatment was validated for NHNV fractures supporting the concept of the available treatments and their effects on bone remodeling for this type of fracture. The correlation was not validated for hip neither for vertebral fracture. There was no correlation between CTX-1 levels and subsequent fracture risk.

Purpose of study:

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the changes in peri-prosthetic bone mineral density following cemented and cementless total hip arthroplasty over a follow up period of 1 year.