Acute post-operative urinary retention (POUR) is a recognized complication following lower limb arthroplasty. Its occurrence may have patient and ultimately medico-legal implications. Identifying high-risk patients and the associated risk factors pre-operatively, is vital to tackle this issue and reduce its occurrence, which ultimately, may enhance the overall success of our operations. Our aim was to assess the incidence of POUR following elective lower limb arthroplasty and analyze the related factors that could potentially predict the likelihood of developing POUR in our patient cohort. A prospective audit of 158 patients was conducted in our department. POUR was defined as inability to pass urine voluntarily within the first 24 hours following elective lower limb arthroplasty leading to the insertion of a urinary catheter. Surgical-related factors including intra-operative fluid use, type of spinal anesthetic, duration of surgery, time from surgery till insertion of a urinary catheter as well as patient-related factors including medication, urological history and Body Mass index (BMI) was collected and analyzed. 21 (13.3%) patients developed post-operative urinary retention, 11 (52%) and 10 (48%) following knee and hip replacements respectively. Of which, 19 (90.5%) were male and 2 (9.5%) were female with an average age of 66 yrs. 13 (62%) had a previous urological history and 10 (48%) were on retention associated medication. Bupivacaine as a spinal anesthetic was associated with an increased risk of developing post-operative urinary retention. The average time till catheter insertion was 14 hrs. Only 2 (10%) had an unsuccessful TWOC on discharge. Bupivacaine as a spinal anesthetic and a previous urological history can be considered as risk factors for the development of POUR. Pre-operative urinary catheterization should be considered in this high-risk group of patients.