Aims. Alternative alignment concepts, including kinematic and restricted kinematic, have been introduced to help improve clinical outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results, along with patient satisfaction, following TKA using the concept of restricted kinematic alignment. Methods. A total of 121 consecutive TKAs performed between 11 February 2018 to 11 June 2019 with preoperative varus deformity were reviewed at minimum one-year follow-up. Three knees were excluded due to severe preoperative varus deformity greater than 15°, and a further three due to requiring revision surgery, leaving 109 patients and 115 knees to undergo primary TKA using the concept of restricted kinematic alignment with advanced technology. Patients were stratified into three groups based on the preoperative limb varus deformity: Group A with 1° to 5° varus (43 knees); Group B between 6° and 10° varus (56 knees); and Group C with varus greater than 10° (16 knees). This study group was compared with a matched cohort of 115 TKAs and 115 patients using a neutral mechanical alignment target with manual instruments performed from 24 October 2016 to 14 January 2019. Results. Mean overall patient satisfaction for the entire cohort was 4.7 (SE 0.1) on a 5-point Likert scale, with 93% being either very satisfied or satisfied compared with a Likert of 4.3 and patient satisfaction of 81% in the mechanical alignment group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.006 respectively). At mean follow-up of 17 months (11 to 27), the mean overall Likert, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Forgotten Joint Score, and Knee Society Knee and Function Scores were significantly better in the kinematic group than in the neutral mechanical alignment group. The most common complication in both groups was contracture requiring manipulation under anaesthesia, involving seven knees (6.1%) in the kinematic group and nine knees (7.8%) in the mechanical alignment group. Conclusion. With the advent of advanced technology, and the ability to obtain accurate bone cuts, the target limb alignment, and soft-tissue balance within millimetres, using a restricted kinematic alignment concept demonstrated excellent patient satisfaction following primary TKA. Longer-term analysis is required as to the durability of this method. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6 Supple A):59–66

Introduction. Mechanical axis limb alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has demonstrated excellent long-term survivorship; however, patient satisfaction continues to demand improvement. Alternative emerging alignment concepts including kinematic and tibial constitutional varus have been introduced but remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes and patient satisfaction following TKA with tibial components placed in constitutional varus alignment. Methods. This was a retrospective cohort analysis from a total joint registry of 114 patients with preoperative varus deformity who underwent primary TKA with tibial component placed in 1–3 degrees of constitutional varus. The group included 59 males (52%) and 55 (48%) females with a mean age of 67 years (range 43 – 85) and mean BMI of 32.0 kg/m. 2. (range 21 – 51 kg/m. 2. ) with a minimum 1 year follow-up. Patients were stratified into 3 groups based on the preoperative varus alignment: Group A between 1°- 5° varus (43 knees), Group B between 6°- 10° (56 knees), and Group C greater than 10° (16 knees). The target constitutional tibial varus alignment was selected based on the extent of the patient's deformity. Results. The average overall patient satisfaction was 4.7 on a 5-point Likert scale with 93% being either very satisfied or satisfied. Group A had the highest overall patient satisfaction of 95% followed by Group B (93%) and Group C (88%). Mean Forgotten Joint Score (FJS-12) for the combined groups was 86, mean KOOS Jr. score 72, mean WOMAC score 90, mean Knee Society (KS) Knee Score 93 and mean KS Function Score was 85. Conclusion. The push for more patient centered outcome measures drives the pursuit of improving patient satisfaction in addition to traditional outcome measures. Tibial components placed in constitutional varus in this study demonstrated excellent patient satisfaction and improvement in knee function following TKA

Introduction. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used as quality benchmarks in total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The objective of this study was to investigate whether PROMs correlate with patient satisfaction, which is arguably the most important and desired outcome. Methods. An institutional joint database was queried for patients who underwent primary, elective, unilateral TJA. Eligible patients were asked to complete a satisfaction survey at final follow-up. Correlation coefficients (R) were calculated to quantify the relationship between patient satisfaction and prospectively collected PROMs. We explored a wide range of PROMs including Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC); Short Form-12 (SF-12), Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Knee Society Clinical Rating Score (KSCRS), Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation (SANE), and University of California Los Angeles activity level rating (UCLA). Results. In general, there was only weak to moderate correlation between patient satisfaction and PROMs. Querying the absolute postoperative scores had higher correlation with patient satisfaction compared to either preoperative scores or net changes in scores. The correlation was higher with disease-specific PROMs (WOMAC, OHS, KSCRS) compared to general health (SF-12), activity level (UCLA), or perception of normalcy (SANE). Within disease-specific PROMs, the pain domain consistently carried the highest correlation with patient satisfaction (WOMAC pain subscale, R = 0.45, p <0.001; KSCRS pain subscale, R = 0.49, p <0.001). Conclusion. There is only weak to moderate correlation between PROMs and patient satisfaction. PROMs alone are not the optimal way to evaluate patient satisfaction. We recommend directly querying patients about satisfaction and using shorter PROMs, particularly disease-specific PROMs that assess pain perception to better gauge patient satisfaction. For figures, tables, or references, please contact authors directly

Introduction. Patient satisfaction is an important outcome measure after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and is the ultimate goal of surgery. However, patient satisfaction reflects a complex construct of the patient's personal expectations and preferences in addition to subjective evaluation of outcome after TKA. Multiple studies have found a patient dissatisfaction rate of approximately 20% at 1 year after TKA. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an association between a single-item validated TKA satisfaction score and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at 3 time points (1, 2, and 5 years after TKA) and to determine if dissatisfaction rate after TKA varies over time. Methods. A multi-center, prospective cohort of 12,952 patients (8,078 patients were assessed at 1-year, 702 patients at 2-year, and 4,172 patients at 5-year) undergoing primary TKA were enrolled by 230 surgeons in 28 states between 2012–2015. Surgeons practices varied in size, reimbursement models, and geographic setting ensuring that the cohort included diverse patient populations and delivery models. Surgeons agreed to invite all TKA patients to participate and sporadic audits of surgical logs validated that all patients were invited and > 90% of patients were included. Demographic and clinical data [age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and modified Charlson co-morbidity index (CCI)] were collected. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected pre-op and post-op at 1, 2, and 5 years using an internet-based platform including the KOOS (total score, and pain, ADL, QoL sub scores), KOOS Jr, SF-36 (PCS and MCS). We used the single-item satisfaction scale which was tested and validated by the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Registry. The patients' responses were made on 5-point Likert scale (very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, neutral, somewhat dissatisfied, very dissatisfied). Patients were classified into 2 categories: satisfied group for patients who answered satisfied or very satisfied and dissatisfied group for patients answered neutral, somewhat dissatisfied, or very dissatisfied. Univariate analysis of the difference between the satisfied and dissatisfied patients' groups was performed using Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. Logistic regression model was performed to study the correlation between the satisfaction and PROMs with 95% confidence interval. Results. Mean age was 66.6 years, 62.7% were female, and mean BMI was 31.6. The CCI was 0 in 55.1%, 1 in 22%, 2–5 in 12.6% and ≥ 6 in 10.3%. Cumulative revision rate was 1.29% at 2 years. The 30-day adverse events incidence was 2.5% while the 90-day adverse events incidence was 4.7%. The dissatisfaction rate was 18.1% at 1-year, 11.5% at 2-year, and 8.5% at 5-year (P<0.001, Chi-square). Dissatisfaction significantly affects younger patients (<55 years) (P=0.04, Chi-square) and patients with high Charlson comorbidity index >1 (P=0.001, Chi-square). Low post-operative KOOS Pain, KOOS ADL, KOOS total score, KOOS JR, SF-36 PCS, and SP-36 MCS scores were significantly associated with dissatisfaction (P<0.001). At 5 years follow-up, in patients with KOOS scores greater than 70, 1.3% of patients were dissatisfied; with KOOS 50–70, 16.3% were dissatisfied and when KOOS < 50, 62.2% are dissatisfied. Logistic regression showed significant correlation of satisfaction with postoperative KOOS pain, KOOS ADL, KOOS QoL, KOOS total score, KOOS JR, and SF-36 PCS (P< 0.001) at 1-year, 2-year, and at 5-year. The MCS was correlated with patient satisfaction only at 1-year (P< 0.001). Conclusion. The patient dissatisfaction rate 5 years after TKA is 8.1% in FORCE-TJR patients which is significantly lower than 18.1% at 1-year. Less improvement of PROM scores after TKA are significantly associated with patient dissatisfaction. Postoperative PROM scores are associated with patient satisfaction at 1-year, 2-years, and 5-years. When the 5-year post- op KOOS total score is >70, 98.7% of patients are satisfied and only 1.3% are dissatisfied. Patient satisfaction is an important outcome measure after TKA that can be determined by asking a single question. However, in order to understand why a patient is dissatisfied, KOOS scores (KOOS pain, KOOS ADL, KOOS QoL) that assess specific postoperative outcomes can assist in determining the reason for patient dissatisfaction after TKA

Aims. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether pain in the contralateral knee had a clinically significant influence on the outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score. Secondary aims were to: describe the prevalence of contralateral knee pain; identify if it clinically improves after TKA; and assess whether contralateral knee pain independently influences patient satisfaction with their TKA. Methods. A retrospective cohort of 3,178 primary TKA patients were identified from an arthroplasty database. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, and WOMAC scores were collected preoperatively and one year postoperatively for the index knee. In addition, WOMAC pain scores were also collected for the contralateral knee. Overall patient satisfaction was assessed at one year. Preoperative contralateral knee pain was defined according to the WOMAC score: minimal (> 78 points), mild (59 to 78), moderate (44 to 58), and severe (< 44). Multivariate regression analysis was used to adjust for confounding. Results. According to severity there were 1,425 patients (44.8%) with minimal, 710 (22.3%) with mild, 518 (16.3%) with moderate, and 525 (16.5%) with severe pain in the contralateral knee. Patients in the severe group had a greater clinically significant improvement in their functional WOMAC score (9.8 points; p < 0.001). Only patients in the moderate (22.9 points) and severe (37.8 points) groups had a clinically significant improvement in their contralateral knee pain (p < 0.001), but they were significantly less likely to be satisfied with their TKA (moderate: odds ratio (OR) 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4 to 0.92, p = 0.022; severe: OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.82, p = 0.002). Conclusion. Contralateral knee pain did not impair improvement in the WOMAC score after TKA, and patients with the most severe contralateral knee pain had a clinically significantly greater improvement in their functional outcome. More than half the patients presenting for TKA had mild-to-severe contralateral knee pain, most of whom had a clinically meaningful improvement but were significantly less likely to be satisfied with their TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J. 2020;102-B(1):125–131

Aims. While patients with psychological distress have poorer short-term outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), their longer-term function is unknown. We aimed to 1) assess the influence of preoperative mental health status on long-term functional outcomes, quality of life, and patient satisfaction; and 2) analyze the change in mental health after TKA, in a cohort of patients with no history of mental health disorder, with a minimum of ten years’ follow-up. Methods. Prospectively collected data of 122 patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA in 2006 were reviewed. Patients were assessed pre- and postoperatively at two and ten years using the Knee Society Knee Score (KSKS) and Function Score (KSFS); Oxford Knee Score (OKS); and the Mental (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS) which were derived from the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36). Patients were stratified into those with psychological distress (MCS < 50, n = 51) and those without (MCS ≥ 50, n = 71). Multiple regression was used to control for age, sex, BMI, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and baseline scores. The rate of expectation fulfilment and satisfaction was compared between patients with low and high MCS. Results. There was no difference in the mean KSKS, KSFS, OKS, and SF-36 PCS at two years or ten years after TKA. Equal proportions of patients in each group attained the minimal clinically important difference for each score. Psychologically distressed patients had a comparable rate of satisfaction (91.8% (47/51) vs 97.1% (69/71); p = 0.193) and fulfilment of expectations (89.8% vs 97.1%; p = 0.094). The proportion of distressed patients declined from 41.8% preoperatively to 29.8% at final follow-up (p = 0.021), and their mean SF-36 MCS improved by 10.4 points (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Patients with poor mental health undergoing TKA may experience long-term improvements in function and quality of life that are comparable to those experienced by their non-distressed counterparts. These patients also achieved a similar rate of satisfaction and expectation fulfilment. Undergoing TKA was associated with improvements in mental health in distressed patients, although this effect may be due to residual confounding. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):845–851

Abstract

Introduction. Patients who undergo total joint arthroplasty (TJA) are at a high risk for the development of thromboembolic complications. The rate at which venous thromboembolism occurs following TJA has been reported to be between 1.3–9.4%. As a result, the utilization of prophylactic therapies is considered standard of care in this patient population. The primary purpose of the current study was to 1) evaluate patient satisfaction with the use of intermittent compression devices 2) evaluate the risk of self-reported falls secondary to the use of these devices following TJA. Methods. This is a single institution, prospective study on patients who underwent TJA at an urban, academic orthopedic specialty hospital. Patients were surveyed using an electronic patient rehabilitation application regarding their use and satisfaction with their home intermittent compression devices with a battery and power cord attachment that the patient must wear while using the devices. They were also asked if any falls or near-falls they may have experienced. Surveys were administered on postoperative Day 14, and patients were given 10 days to submit their responses. Using our institutions data warehouse, patient demographics were also collected (Table 1). Results. Survey responses were collected from 479 patients who underwent TJA between August 2018 and October 2018. Of the respondents, 278 were female and 201 were male. Approximately 79% of patients in the cohort were satisfied with their use of their compression devices compared to 21% of patients who were unsatisfied. During this time, 16% of patients (75 pts) also reported at least one tripping episode at home and 11 patients (2.3%) had at least one fall at home. Conclusion. These results suggest that patients are generally satisfied with their home intermittent compression devices. There are a significant number of trips or falls after surgery and further study examining the potential role of these devices and their cords in these falls is needed. For figures, tables, or references, please contact authors directly

Introduction. The relationship between sagittal component alignment on clinical outcomes has not fully evaluated after TKA. This study evaluated the effect of sagittal alignment of the components on patient function and satisfaction as well as kinematics and kinetics. Methods. This study included 148 primary TKAs with cruciate-substituting prosthesis for primary OA. With post-operative lateral radiograph, femoral component flexion angle (γ) and tibial component posterior slope angle (90-σ) was measured. The patients was classified into multiple groups by every three degrees. Patient satisfaction in 2011KSS among groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. By representing the component position which showed poor clinical outcomes, computer simulation analysis was performed, in which kinematics and kinetics in squatting activity were investigated. Results. The femoral component flexion angle was 4.3 ± 3.3°, and tibial component posterior slope angle was 4.5 ± 3.4°, in average. Patients whose femoral component was implanted more than 9 degrees flexion showed lower satisfaction (Figure). There was no difference in satisfaction according to tibial component angle. Computer simulation analysis showed that excessive flexed position caused no remarkable abnormal kinematics, but increased maximum contact force in medial compartment (1097 N to 1711 N), and femoral component down-size did not fully decrease the contact force (1330 N). Similarly, increase of the maximum ligament force in medial collateral ligament (MCL) (188 N to 671 N) was observed in excessive flexed position, and femoral component downsize (343 N) did not fully recovered the ligament force. Conclusion. Excessive flexion of the femoral component showed poor satisfaction. In computer simulation, increase of the contact force of the medial compartment and MCL was observed in computer simulation. For figures, tables, or references, please contact authors directly

Background. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) patients with knee partial thickness cartilage loss have inferior functional performance compared to those with full thickness loss. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate on the association between postoperative patients' joint awareness and satisfaction and preoperative radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) Ahlbäck grade in subjects undergoing robotic arm-assisted UKA. Methods. This retrospective observational study includes 675 patients (681 knees) undergoing robotic arm-assisted UKA at two centres between January 2014 and May 2019. Pre-operatively, knee radiographs were performed, and Ahlbäck OA grade was measured by two independent observers. Post-operatively, patients were administered the Forgotten-Joint-Score-12 (FJS-12) and 5-Level-Likert-Scale to assess joint awareness and satisfaction. Postoperative complications and revisions were recorded. Correlations were described between FJS-12, satisfaction and OA grade by means of an adjusted multivariate statistical analysis. Results. A total of 574 patients (580 UKAs) were assessed at a mean follow-up of 3.6 years post-operatively (85.2% follow-up rate; min. 12, max. 75 months). Nine UKAs were revised. Primary or secondary medial knee OA was the preoperative diagnosis in 538 cases, osteonecrosis was present in 42 cases. Cases were divided based on their preoperative Ahlbäck grade in Group A (joint space narrowing, Ahlbäck 1, 279 cases), Group B (joint space obliteration or minor bone attrition, Ahlbäck 2 and 3, 197 cases) and Group C (moderate or severe bone attrition, Ahlbäck 4 and 5, 104 cases). Moderate to severe OA grades (Group B and C) were associated with higher probability of higher postoperative FJS-12 compared to joint space narrowing group (Odds Ratio 1.6 and 1.7, respectively, p<0.05). No associations were described between OA grade and patients' satisfaction. Conclusions. Patients with preoperative joint space obliteration and minor to severe bone attrition have higher probability of a having a forgotten joint after robotic arm-assisted UKA, compared to those without full cartilage thickness loss

A postal questionnaire was sent to 10 000 patients more than one year after their total knee replacement (TKR). They were assessed using the Oxford knee score and were asked whether they were satisfied, unsure or unsatisfied with their TKR. The response rate was 87.4% (8231 of 9417 eligible questionnaires) and a total of 81.8% (6625 of 8095) of patients were satisfied. Multivariable regression modelling showed that patients with higher scores relating to the pain and function elements of the Oxford knee score had a lower level of satisfaction (p < 0.001), and that ongoing pain was a stronger predictor of this. Female gender and a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis were found to be predictors of lower levels of patient satisfaction. Differences in the rate of satisfaction were also observed in relation to age, the American Society of Anesthesiologists grade and the type of prosthesis. This study has provided data on the Oxford knee score and the expected levels of satisfaction at one year after TKR. The results should act as a benchmark of practice in the United Kingdom and provide a baseline for peer comparison between institutions

In a prospective multicentre study we investigated variations in pain management used by knee arthroplasty surgeons in order to compare the differences in pain levels among patients undergoing total knee replacements (TKR), and to compare the effectiveness of pain management protocols. The protocols, peri-operative levels of pain and patient satisfaction were investigated in 424 patients who underwent TKR in 14 hospitals. The protocols were highly variable and peri-operative pain levels varied substantially, particularly during the first two post-operative days. Differences in levels of pain were greatest during the night after TKR, when visual analogue scores ranged from 16.9 to 94.3 points. Of the methods of managing pain, the combined use of peri-articular infiltration and nerve blocks provided better pain relief than other methods during the first two post-operative days. Patients managed with peri-articular injection plus nerve block, and epidural analgesia were more likely to have higher satisfaction at two weeks after TKR. This study highlights the need to establish a consistent pain management strategy after TKR

Pre-operative variables are increasingly being used to determine eligibility for total knee replacement (TKR). This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationships, interactions and predictive capacity of variables available pre- and post-operatively on patient satisfaction following TKR. Using nationally collected patient reported outcome measures and data from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales, we identified 22 798 patients who underwent TKR for osteoarthritis between August 2008 and September 2010. The ability of specific covariates to predict satisfaction was assessed using ordinal logistic regression and structural equational modelling. Only 4959 (22%) of 22 278 patients rated the results of their TKR as ‘excellent’, despite the majority (71%, n = 15 882) perceiving their knee symptoms to be much improved. The strongest predictors of satisfaction were post-operative variables. Satisfaction was significantly and positively related to the perception of symptom improvement (operative success) and the post-operative EuroQol-5D score. While also significant within the models pre-operative variables were less important and had a minimal influence upon post-operative satisfaction. The most robust predictions of satisfaction occurred only when both pre- and post-operative variables were considered together. These findings question the appropriateness of restricting access to care based on arbitrary pre-operative thresholds as these factors have little bearing on post-operative satisfaction. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1359–65

Purpose. The aim of the present study was to look at survivorship and patient satisfaction of a fixed bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with an all-polyethylene tibial component. Materials and Methods. We report the survivorship of 91 fixed bearing unicompartmental arthroplasties with all-polyethylene tibial components (Preservation DePuy UK), which were used for medial compartment osteoarthritis in 79 patients between 2004 and 2007. The satisfaction level of patients who had not undergone revision of the implant was also recorded. For comparison, we reviewed 49 mobile bearing unicompartmental arthroplasties (Oxford UKA Biomet UK Ltd), which had been used in 44 patients between 1998 and 2007. Results. Mean length of follow up of patients with the fixed bearing implant was 44.7 months (range 24 - 74 months) and for the mobile bearing replacement, the mean follow up was 67.6 months (24 - 119). In the fixed bearing design, at maximum follow up period of 74 months, 8 implants (8.8%) had been revised (or were listed for revision) to total knee replacement and in the mobile bearing design over the maximum follow up period of 119 months there had been only one revision (2.0%). Patients who had not undergone revision were asked if they were satisfied with their knee following the unicompartmental arthroplasty. In the fixed bearing design, 83.5% said that they were satisfied with the outcome of the operation compared to 93.9% of the patients receiving the mobile bearing design. Conclusion. We conclude that there is a higher incidence of revision of this fixed bearing design using an all-polyethylene tibial component compared to the mobile bearing design. We found that those patients who had not required revision had a lower rate of satisfaction with the fixed bearing compared to the mobile bearing design

STUDY PURPOSES

To evaluate the role of “top up” intra-articular local anaesthetic injection in patients who have had UKR.

Total knee replacement (TKR) is one of the most common operations in orthopaedic surgery worldwide. Despite its scientific reputation as mainly successful, only 81% to 89% of patients are satisfied with the final result. Our understanding of this discordance between patient and surgeon satisfaction is limited. In our experience, focus on five major factors can improve patient satisfaction rates: correct patient selection, setting of appropriate expectations, avoiding preventable complications, knowledge of the finer points of the operation, and the use of both pre- and post-operative pathways. Awareness of the existence, as well as the identification of predictors of patient–surgeon discordance should potentially help with enhancing patient outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:120–3

Previous studies of failure mechanisms leading to revision total knee replacement (TKR) performed between 1986 and 2000 determined that many failed early, with a disproportionate amount accounted for by infection and implant-associated factors including wear, loosening and instability. Since then, efforts have been made to improve implant performance and instruct surgeons in best practice. Recently our centre participated in a multi-centre evaluation of 844 revision TKRs from 2010 to 2011. The purpose was to report a detailed analysis of failure mechanisms over time and to see if failure modes have changed over the past 10 to 15 years. Aseptic loosening was the predominant mechanism of failure (31.2%), followed by instability (18.7%), infection (16.2%), polyethylene wear (10.0%), arthrofibrosis (6.9%) and malalignment (6.6%). The mean time to failure was 5.9 years (ten days to 31 years), 35.3% of all revisions occurred at less than two years, and 60.2% in the first five years. With improvements in implant and polyethylene manufacture, polyethylene wear is no longer a leading cause of failure. Early mechanisms of failure are primarily technical errors. In addition to improving implant longevity, industry and surgeons must work together to decrease these technical errors. All reports on failure of TKR contain patients with unexplained pain who not infrequently have unmet expectations. Surgeons must work to achieve realistic patient expectations pre-operatively, and therefore, improve patient satisfaction post-operatively. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):101–4

Aims. The primary aim was to assess whether robotic total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) had a greater early knee-specific outcome when compared to manual TKA (mTKA). Secondary aims were to assess whether rTKA was associated with improved expectation fulfilment, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and patient satisfaction when compared to mTKA. Methods. A randomized controlled trial was undertaken, and patients were randomized to either mTKA or rTKA. The primary objective was functional improvement at six months. Overall, 100 patients were randomized, 50 to each group, of whom 46 rTKA and 41 mTKA patients were available for review at six months following surgery. There were no differences between the two groups. Results. There was no difference between rTKA and mTKA groups at six months according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) functional score (mean difference (MD) 3.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) -5.6 to 13.1); p = 0.425). There was a greater improvement in the WOMAC pain score at two months (MD 9.5 (95% CI 0.6 to 18.3); p = 0.037) in the rTKA group, although by six months no significant difference was observed (MD 6.7 (95% CI -3.6 to 17.1); p = 0.198). The rTKA group were more likely to achieve a minimal important change in their WOMAC pain score when compared to the mTKA group at two months (n = 36 (78.3%) vs n = 24 (58.5%); p = 0.047) and at six months (n = 40 (87.0%) vs n = 29 (68.3%); p = 0.036). There was no difference in satisfaction between the rTKA group (97.8%; n = 45/46) and the mTKA group (87.8%; n = 36/41) at six months (p = 0.096). There were no differences in EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) utility gain (p ≥ 0.389) or fulfilment of patient expectation (p ≥ 0.054) between the groups. Conclusion. There were no statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences in the change in WOMAC function between mTKA and rTKA at six months. rTKA was associated with a higher likelihood of achieving a clinically important change in knee pain at two and six months, but no differences in knee-specific function, patient satisfaction, health-related quality of life, or expectation fulfilment were observed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(9):961–970

Aims. This prospective study reports longitudinal, within-patient, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) over a 15-year period following cemented single radius total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Secondary aims included reporting PROMs trajectory, 15-year implant survival, and patient attrition from follow-up. Methods. From 2006 to 2007, 462 consecutive cemented cruciate-retaining Triathlon TKAs were implanted in 426 patients (mean age 69 years (21 to 89); 290 (62.7%) female). PROMs (12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), and satisfaction) were assessed preoperatively and at one, five, ten, and 15 years. Kaplan-Meier survival and univariate analysis were performed. Results. At 15 years, 28 patients were lost to follow-up (6.1%) and 221 patients (51.9%) had died, with the mean age of the remaining cohort reducing by four years. PROMs response rates among surviving patients were: one-year 63%; five-year 72%; ten-year 94%; and 15-year 59%. OKS and SF-12 scores changed significantly over 15 years (p < 0.001). The mean improvement in OKS was 18.8 (95% confidence (CI) 16.7 to 19.0) at one year. OKS peaked at five years (median 43 years) declining thereafter (p < 0.001), though at 15 years it remained 17.5 better than preoperatively. Age and sex did not alter this trajectory. A quarter of patients experienced a clinically significant decline (≥ 7) in OKS from five to ten years and from ten to 15 years. The SF-12 physical component score displayed a similar trajectory, peaking at one year (p < 0.001). Patient satisfaction was 88% at one, five, and ten years, and 94% at 15 years. In all, 15-year Kaplan-Meier survival was 97.6% (95% CI 96.0% to 99.2%) for any revision, and 98.9% (95% CI 97.9% to 99.9%) for aseptic revision. Conclusion. Improvements in PROMs were significant and maintained following single radius TKA, with OKS peaking at five years, and generic physical health peaking at one year. Patient satisfaction remained high at 15 years, at which point 2.4% had been revised. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(10):808–816

Aims. The aim was to assess whether robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) had greater knee-specific outcomes, improved fulfilment of expectations, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and patient satisfaction when compared with manual TKA (mTKA). Methods. A randomized controlled trial was undertaken (May 2019 to December 2021), and patients were allocated to either mTKA or rTKA. A total of 100 patients were randomized, 50 to each group, of whom 43 rTKA and 38 mTKA patients were available for review at 12 months following surgery. There were no statistically significant preoperative differences between the groups. The minimal clinically important difference in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score was defined as 7.5 points. Results. There were no clinically or statistically significant differences between the knee-specific measures (WOMAC, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS)) or HRQoL measures (EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) and EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS)) at 12 months between the groups. However, the rTKA group had significantly (p = 0.029) greater improvements in the WOMAC pain component (mean difference 9.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0 to 18.4) over the postoperative period (two, six, and 12 months), which was clinically meaningful. This was not observed for function (p = 0.248) or total (p = 0.147) WOMAC scores. The rTKA group was significantly (p = 0.039) more likely to have expectation of ‘Relief of daytime pain in the joint’ when compared with the mTKA group. There were no other significant differences in expectations met between the groups. There was no significant difference in patient satisfaction with their knee (p = 0.464), return to work (p = 0.464), activities (p = 0.293), or pain (p = 0.701). Conclusion. Patients undergoing rTKA had a clinically meaningful greater improvement in their knee pain over the first 12 months, and were more likely to have fulfilment of their expectation of daytime pain relief compared with patients undergoing mTKA. However, rTKA was not associated with a clinically significant greater knee-specific function or HRQoL, according to current definitions. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):450–459