Background. Cavernoma is a benign, cranial vascular hematoma. Spinal cavernomas occur most commonly in vertebrae and may extend into the extradural spinal canal. Intramedullary lesions are rare. Aim. To study the pattern of clinical presentation and to evaluate their outcome with surgical and conservative management. Material and Methods. Fourteen cases of intramedullary cavernous malformations were retrospectively reviewed. M/F ratio was 6/8. Age ranged from 35 to 62 years. Thoracic spinal cord was involved in 8, cervical cord in 4 and lumbar region in 2. Nine underwent surgery and 5 were managed conservatively. Clinical, radiological and management features are discussed in the light of the follow-up and literature analysis. Results. Among the operated patients 6 improved, 3 patients improved but had residual deficits with no improvement in bladder symptoms in one. Patients who were managed conservatively improved over a period of 3 months to 1 year with one patient having residual weakness. Conclusion. Total surgical resection using microsurgical technique is a procedure of choice for the management of symptomatic intramedullary cavernomas. Clinical observation should be the choice of management for patients without new or progressive neurological deficits. Generally the outlook is good

Aims

This study, using a surgeon-maintained database, aimed to explore the risk factors for surgery-related complications in patients undergoing primary cervical spine surgery for degenerative diseases.

Aims

The aim of this study was to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate changes in diffusion metrics in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) up to five years after decompressive surgery. We correlated these changes with clinical outcomes as scored by the Modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) method, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).

Intraoperative pulmonary fat and bone-marrow embolism is a serious complication of bone and joint surgery. We have investigated the occurrence and incidence of intraoperative embolism in patients undergoing elective lumbar spinal surgery with or without instrumentation. Sixty adult patients with lumbar degenerative disease were examined by intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography while undergoing posterior lumbar surgery. Of these, 40 underwent surgery with instrumentation and 20 without. Moderate to severe (grade 2 or 3 according to the grading scale of Pitto et al) embolic events were seen in 80% of the instrumented patients but in none of the non-instrumented patients (p < 0.001). The insertion of pedicle screws was particularly associated with large numbers of pulmonary emboli, while the surgical approach, laminectomy, disc removal and bone harvesting were associated with small numbers of emboli. We consider that, as in arthroplasty and intramedullary fixation of fractures, these embolic events are relevant to the development of potentially fatal fat embolism during spinal surgery

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical predictors of surgical outcome in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). We reviewed a consecutive series of 248 patients (71 women and 177 men) with CSM who had undergone surgery at our institution between January 2000 and October 2010. Their mean age was 59.0 years (16 to 86). Medical records, office notes, and operative reports were reviewed for data collection. Special attention was focused on pre-operative duration and severity as well as post-operative persistence of myelopathic symptoms. Disease severity was graded according to the Nurick classification.

Our multivariate logistic regression model indicated that Nurick grade 2 CSM patients have the highest chance of complete symptom resolution (p < 0.001) and improvement to normal gait (p = 0.004) following surgery. Patients who did not improve after surgery had longer duration of myelopathic symptoms than those who did improve post-operatively (17.85 months (1 to 101) vs 11.21 months (1 to 69); p = 0.002). More advanced Nurick grades were not associated with a longer duration of symptoms (p = 0.906).

Our data suggest that patients with Nurick grade 2 CSM are most likely to improve from surgery. The duration of myelopathic symptoms does not have an association with disease severity but is an independent prognostic indicator of surgical outcome.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:966–71.

We reviewed 31 consecutive patients with Friedreich’s ataxia and scoliosis. There were 24 males and seven females with a mean age at presentation of 15.5 years (8.6 to 30.8) and a mean curve of 51° (13° to 140°). A total of 12 patients had thoracic curvatures, 11 had thoracolumbar and eight had double thoracic/lumbar. Two patients had long thoracolumbar collapsing scoliosis with pelvic obliquity and four had hyperkyphosis. Left-sided thoracic curves in nine patients (45%) and increased thoracic kyphosis differentiated these deformities from adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. There were 17 patients who underwent a posterior instrumented spinal fusion at mean age of 13.35 years, which achieved and maintained good correction of the deformity. Post-operative complications included one death due to cardiorespiratory failure, one revision to address nonunion and four patients with proximal junctional kyphosis who did not need extension of the fusion. There were no neurological complications and no wound infections. The rate of progression of the scoliosis in children kept under simple observation and those treated with bracing was less for lumbar curves during bracing and similar for thoracic curves. The scoliosis progressed in seven of nine children initially treated with a brace who later required surgery. Two patients presented after skeletal maturity with balanced curves not requiring correction. Three patients with severe deformities who would benefit from corrective surgery had significant cardiac co-morbidities.

Diastematomyelia is a rare congenital abnormality of the spinal cord. This paper summarises more than 30 years’ experience of treating this condition. Data were collected retrospectively on 138 patients with diastematomyelia (34 males, 104 females) who were treated at our hospital from May 1978 to April 2010. A total of 106 patients had double dural tubes (type 1 diastematomyelia), and 32 patients had single dural tubes (type 2 diastematomyelia). Radiographs, CT myelography, and MRI showed characteristic kyphoscoliosis, widening of the interpedicle distance, and bony, cartilaginous, and fibrous septum. The incidences of symptoms including characteristic changes of the dorsal skin, neurological disorders, and congenital spinal or foot deformity were significantly higher in type 1 than in type 2. Surgery is more effective for patients with type 1 diastematomyelia; patients without surgery showed no improvement.