The vast majority of fractures around the knee will heal with well-done internal fixation. TKA has a role in several scenarios. Acute TKA can be effective for fractures of the distal femur (especially periprosthetic) in very elderly patients where internal fixation attempts are likely to fail. Acute TKA for tibia plateau fractures may have a role in fractures in the elderly with pre-existing DJD and relatively simple fracture patterns. There is very little published literature regarding the outcomes of TKA for acute tibial plateau fracture and caution is advised until more data is available. TKA is commonly indicated for failed fixation and post-traumatic arthritis. Challenges include managing retained hardware, soft tissue injury and contracture, unusual ligamentous imbalances, and multiple prior incisions and/or flaps. Occasionally, a partial hardware removal may be appropriate. If extensive or multiple incisions are needed for hardware removal it may be wise to stage the reconstruction after soft tissue recovery. The available data on TKA for post-traumatic reconstructions generally demonstrate predictable functional improvement but higher complications

Introduction:. Measurement of ankle brachial pressure index is an easy screening test to perform in patients presenting with an acute knee injury. According to Nicardi et al recognition of vascular injury is particularly challenging because vascular compromise may not be immediately associated with clinical signs of ischemia. The aim of the study is to correlate the values of ABPI measurements to CT angiograms and clinical outcome in high energy knee trauma. Materials and Methods:. We reviewed the records of patients admitted to our unit following high energy knee trauma during the period Nov 2012 to Dec 2013. The orthopaedic injuries sustained were 11 knee dislocations, 5 supracondylar femur fractures, 3 high energy tibia plateau fractures (Schatzker 5 and 6) and 4 gunshot injuries. From the records we recorded the nature of the orthopaedic injury, the ABPI, the CT angiogram and the clinical outcome. We excluded all patients with insufficient records and previous vasculopathy. After these exclusions, 23 patients were enrolled for the study. Analysis of the data involved calculating of basic descriptive statistics, including proportional and descriptive measures. T-tests (one-sample and independent) and chi-square tests of independence were employed to investigate the relationship between ABPI and CT angiogram and clinical outcomes. Throughout the statistical analysis cognisance is taken of the relative small sample, and relevant test adjustments made. Results:. A total of 5 of the 23 patients had a significant vascular injury that required vascular intervention. Three patients underwent vascular repair and orthopaedic fixation. One patient had an occult vascular injury and presented with a necrotic limb three days after admission. His delayed CT demonstrated arterial cut off. This patient later went on to have an amputation. The fifth patient presented 12 days post knee dislocation with reduced pulses but the leg was still viable. In these five patients the ABPI value ranged from 0.3 to 0.65. In the remainder the ABPI ranged from 0.91 to 1.4. These 18 patients had a CT angiogram with normal flow and no intimal tears. Conclusion:. In all the patients with vascular sequelae from high energy knee injuries and dislocation the initial ABPI measurement performed well as a screening test for vascular injuries. It can therefore be recommended as a practical investigation in the initial evaluation of knee injuries that has cost and time saving benefits

Introduction. In total knee arthroplasty, the alignment of leg depends on the alignment of the component. In unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, it is determined by the thickness of the implant relative to the bone excised mostly. After initial scepticism, UKA is increasingly accepted as a reliable procedure for unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis with the improvements in implant design, surgical technique and appropriate patient selection. Recently, computer assisted UKA is helpful in accuracy and less invasive procedure. But, fixed bearing or mobile bearing in UKA is still controversy. We compared the early clinical and radiological results of robot-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty using a fixed bearing design versus a mobile type bearing design. Materials and Methods. A data set of 50 cases of isolated compartmental degenerative disease that underwent robot-assisted UKA using a fixed bearing design were compared to a data set of 50 cases using a mobile bearing type design. The operations were performed by one-senior author with the same robot system. The clinical evaluations included the Knee Society Score (knee score, functional score) and postoperative complications. The radiological evaluations was assessed by 3-foot standing radiographs using the technique of Kennedy and White to determine the mechanical axis and femoro-tibial angle for knee alignment. Operative factors were evaluated including length of skin incision, operation time, blood loss, hospital stay and intraoperative complications. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in operation time, skin incision size, blood loss and hospital stay. (p > 0.05) There were no significant differences in Knee Society Scores at last follow up. An average preoperative femorotibial alignment was varus alignment of −1° in both groups. Postoperative patients with fixed-bearing implants had an average +2.1° valgus and the patients with mobile bearing implants had +5.4° valgus in femorotibial alignment, which was different.(p<0.05) There was one case of medial tibia plateau fracture in fixed bearing group in 3 months postoperatively. And there were one case of liner dislocation with unstable knee in 6 weeks postoperatively and one case of femoral component loosening in 1 year postoperatively in mobile bearing group. There was no intraoperative complication. The average preoperative knee score was 45.8, which improved to 89.5 in fixed bearing group and 46.5, which improved to 91.2 in mobile bearing group at last followup. The average preoperative function score was 62.4 which improved to 86.5 in fixed bearing group and 60.7 which improved to 88.2 in mobile bearing group at last followup. Conclusion. In ourearly experience, two types of bearing of robot-assisted UKA groups showed no statistical differences in clinical assessment but there was statistical difference in postoperative radiological corrected alignment. But in aspect of early complications, we think that mobile bearing seems to be requiring more attention in surgery

Objective. To determine differences in fracture stability and functional outcome between synthetic bone graft and allograft/autograft with internal fixation of tibia plateau metaphyseal defects. Patient & Methods. Between 2007- 2008, 84 consecutive cases of internal fixation of tibia plateaux were identified from our theater logbook. 29 patients required additional autologous, allogenic bone graft, or synthetic bone graft substitute to ensure fracture stability. 5 patients were excluded due to lost to follow up leaving a cohort of 24 patients. Hydroxyapatite calcium carbonate synthetic bone graft was utilised in 14 patients (6 male and 8 female). Allograft/autograft were utilised in the remaining 10 patients (6 male and 4 female). All 24 patients had closed fractures, classified using the AO and Schatzker classification. Roentograms at presentation, post-operatively and regular follow-up till 12 months were analysed for maintenance of reduction, early and late subsidence of the articular surface. Functional outcomes such as knee range of movement and WOMAC Knee scores were compared between groups. Results. There was no significant statistical difference between groups for post-operative joint reduction, long term subsidence, and WOMAC scores. The degree of subsidence was not related to age or fracture severity. Maintenance of knee flexion was found to be better in the allograft/autograft group (p=0.015) when compared between groups. Multivariate analysis compared graft type, fracture severity, postoperative reduction, subsidence rate, range of movement and WOMAC score. The only finding was a statistical significant (p=0.025) association with the graft type and range of movement. Conclusion. Allograft/autograft may allow better recovery of long-term flexion, possibly due to reduced inflammatory response compared with synthetic bone graft. However, all other parameters such as maintenance of joint reduction and subjective outcome measures were comparable with the use of hydroxyapatite calcium carbonate bone graft. This study shows that synthetic bone graft is a suitable option in fixation of unstable tibia plateau fractures, avoiding risk of viral disease transmission with allograft and donor site morbidity associated with autograft