A radiological study of 50 patients with thoracic Scheuermann's disease revealed two types of lateral
AIS causes a loss of trunk height. This paper documents this loss against sitting height standards and assesses formulae for adjusting height loss back to the standard. A total of 334 patients (84% female) with AIS and no other known systemic disease had sitting height measured. This was compared to standards of sitting height with age and the ratio of height to sitting height with age (HSH). The corrected height was calculated using published formulae and replotted against these standards.Aim:
Methods:
We investigated the relationship between spinopelvic
parameters and disc degeneration in young adult patients with spondylolytic
spondylolisthesis. A total of 229 men with a mean age of 21 years
(18 to 26) with spondylolytic spondylolisthesis were identified.
All radiological measurements, including pelvic incidence, sacral
slope, pelvic tilt, lumbar lordosis, sacral inclination, lumbosacral
angle (LSA), and sacrofemoral distance, were calculated from standing
lateral lumbosacral radiographs. The degree of intervertebral disc
degeneration was classified using a modified Pfirrmann scale. We
analysed the spinopelvic parameters according to disc level, degree
of slip and disc degeneration. There were significant positive correlations between the degree
of slip and pelvic incidence (p = 0.009), sacral slope (p = 0.003)
and lumbar lordosis (p = 0.010). The degree of slip and the LSA
were correlated with disc degeneration (p <
0.001 and p = 0.003,
respectively). There was also a significant difference between the
degree of slip (p <
0.001) and LSA (p = 0.006) according to the
segmental level of disc degeneration. Cite this article:
Background. Scoliosis is described as a lateral
The aim of this study is to clarify the implication of ciliary pathway on the onset of the
Linear spinal cord distraction, in animal models, leads to elevated intra-compartmental spinal cord pressure. We developed an in vitro model of distraction, with increasing tensile force, to demonstrate the relationship between the degree of
Aims. There is no consensus about the best method of achieving equal
leg lengths at total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with Crowe
type-IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). We reviewed our
experience of a consecutive series of patients who underwent THA
for this indication. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 78 patients (86 THAs) with Crowe
type-IV DDH, including 64 women and 14 men, with a minimum follow-up
of two years. The mean age at the time of surgery was 52.2 years
(34 to 82). We subdivided Crowe type-IV DDH into two major types
according to the number of dislocated hips, and further categorised
them into three groups according to the occurrence of pelvic obliquity
or
Background: Back pain is a common complaint in the Western World with a sedentary lifestyle contributing to its recurrence. The aim of this study was to establish differences in lumbar and thoracic posture after a period of unsupported sitting between subjects with a history of back pain but no current symptoms (BP) and those without a history of back pain (NBP). Method: Twenty subjects (10 BP and 10 NBP group) fulfilling specific inclusion criteria were recruited. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutions Ethical Committee. Following placement of markers on the vertebrae L5, T12 and C7, subjects sat unsupported on a plinth following standardisation of hip and knee position. A digital image (sagittal view) was taken at 1, 5 and 10 minutes.
Objective: To document an unusual pattern of clinical presentation simulating cerebral palsy and investigate the evolution of spinal deformity in relation to patients’ growth and responsiveness to levodopa therapy. Study Design-Material: A retrospective study was performed including 3 pediatric patients with dopa-responsive dystonia who developed in the course of their disease
Purpose. To investigate associations between sagittal thoracolumbar spine shape with sex and measures of adiposity throughout adulthood. Methods. Thoracolumbar spine shape was characterised using statistical shape modelling on lateral dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry images, recorded for vertebral fracture analysis, of the spine from 1529 participants of the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, acquired at age 60–64 years. Associations between spine shape modes (SM) and 1) sex, 2) contemporaneous measures of overall and central adiposity (indicated by body mass index and waist circumference, respectively), 3) changes in total and central adiposity during earlier stages of adulthood and age at onset of overweight, were investigated. Results. Four of the first eight spine modes (SM) describing lumbar spine shape differed by sex; on average, women had more lordotic spines than men with relatively smaller but caudally increasing anterior-posterior (a-p) vertebral diameters. Greater BMI and waist circumference and earlier onset of overweight were associated with uneven (or snaking)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a patient-specific algorithm which we developed for predicting changes in sagittal pelvic tilt after total hip arthroplasty (THA). This retrospective study included 143 patients who underwent 171 THAs between April 2019 and October 2020 and had full-body lateral radiographs preoperatively and at one year postoperatively. We measured the pelvic incidence (PI), the sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic tilt, sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), and thoracic kyphosis to classify patients into types A, B1, B2, B3, and C. The change of pelvic tilt was predicted according to the normal range of SVA (0 mm to 50 mm) for types A, B1, B2, and B3, and based on the absolute value of one-third of the PI-LL mismatch for type C patients. The reliability of the classification of the patients and the prediction of the change of pelvic tilt were assessed using kappa values and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), respectively. Validity was assessed using the overall mean error and mean absolute error (MAE) for the prediction of the change of pelvic tilt.Aims
Methods
In 21 children with myelomeningocele who underwent kyphectomy for congenital kyphosis of the lumbar spine, aortography revealed no case in which the aorta followed the
This systematic review aims to identify 3D predictors derived from biplanar reconstruction, and to describe current methods for improving curve prediction in patients with mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A comprehensive search was conducted by three independent investigators on MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Search terms included “adolescent idiopathic scoliosis”,“3D”, and “progression”. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were carefully defined to include clinical studies. Risk of bias was assessed with the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool (QUIPS) and Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS), and level of evidence for each predictor was rated with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. In all, 915 publications were identified, with 377 articles subjected to full-text screening; overall, 31 articles were included.Aims
Methods
Most studies on LBP have focused on adults although many investigations have shown that the roots of LBP lie in adolescence. Several mechanical, physical and behavioral factors have associated with non-specific LBP in adolescents. To our knowledge no previous study has investigated using advanced statistics all previously reported parameters together with psychological and psychosocial factors on LBP in adolescents aged 15–19 years. 688 students aged 16± 1 years from 5 randomly selected high schools participated in this multifactorial study and completed a questionnaire containing questions on daily activity, backpacks carrying, psychological and psychosocial behavior. Anthropometric data as well biplane
Stature and its components were examined in 143 girls aged 11 to 15 years with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Correction was made for loss of height due to the lateral
Spinal fusion, ending caudally at L5 rather than at the sacrum, is recommended for selected patients with scoliosis due to Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We present a retrospective review of 48 patients operated on for this condition. Patients having
Study design: Prospective multifactorial study on low back pain (LBP) in adolescents. Background data: Most studies on LBP have focused on adults although may investigations have shown that the roots of LBP lie in adolescence. Several mechanical, physical and behavioral factors have associated with non-specific LBP in adolescents. To our knowledge no previous study has investigated using advanced statistics all previously reported parameters together with psychological and psychosocial factors on LBP in adolescents aged 15–19 years. Material and Methods: 688 students aged 16± 1 years from 5 randomly selected high schools participated in this study and completed a questionnaire containing questions on daily activity, backpacks carrying, psychological and psychosocial behavior. Anthropometric data as well biplane
AIS is present in 3–5% of the general population. Large curves are associated with increased pain and reduced quality of life. However, no information is available on the impact of smaller curves, many of which do not reach secondary care. The objective of this project was to identify whether or not there is any hidden burden of disease associated with smaller spinal curves. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a population-based birth cohort that recruited over 14,000 pregnant women from the Bristol area between 1991–1992 and has followed up their offspring regularly. At aged 15 presence or absence of
There is a close link between the embryological development of the musculoskeletal system and all other main organ systems. We report a prospective series of 202 patients with congenital vertebral abnormalities and document the associated abnormalities in other systems. There were 100 boys and 102 girls. In 153 there were 460 associated abnormalities, a mean of 2.27 abnormalities for each patient. Intravenous pyelography was carried out on 173 patients (85.6%) and ultrasonography on the remaining 29 (14.4%). Patients with genitourinary anomalies were more likely to have musculoskeletal (p = 0.002), gastrointestinal (p = 0.02) and cardiac abnormalities (p = 0.008) than those without genitourinary involvement. A total of 54 (26.7%) had at least one genitourinary abnormality, the most frequent being unilateral renal agenesis. There was urinary obstruction in six (3%). There was no association between genitourinary abnormality and the place of birth, parental age, birth order, level of
Purpose of the study. Monitoring of scoliosis is traditionally done with radiographs which can be associated with an increased risk of cancer secondary to multiple exposures over many years. This study investigates whether lateral asymmetry (LA) from ISIS2 surface topography can predict radiographic cobb angle, to provide an alternative non- invasive means of monitoring scoliosis patients. Methods. A total of 72 untreated patients with scoliosis (77 curves) with a Cobb angle of 55 degrees or less were included in the study. They had clinical assessment, cobb angle measurement taken from a standard radiograph and surface topography done on the same day. The cobb angle were measured by single surgeon using digital PACS system. The surgeon was unaware of the LA score. Lateral asymmetry was measured using ISIS2 surface topography done by a research nurse who was also unaware of the cobb angle as previously described. Lateral asymmetry was calculated using the standard ISIS2 software. A comparison of cobb angle and LA was performed. Linear regression analysis was performed to define an equation predicting Cobb from LA. The predicted Cobb angles were then compared with the measured radiographic Cobb angles using Bland-Altman analysis. All statistical analysis was carried out using R. Results. The regression equation is: Predicted Cobb = 1.04∗LA + 9.972 with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.85 for Cobb angles less than 55 degrees. Bland-Altman analysis of the difference between radiographic Cobb and predicted Cobb from LA gave a mean difference of 0.08 degrees, standard deviation of 6.71 degrees and 95% limits of agreement of −13.3 to 13.5 degrees. For cobb angle less than 55 degrees on radiograph, ISIS2 was able to predict the cobb angle within 13 degrees. Conclusion. Cobb angles themselves display poor reliability, estimates ranging from 3 degrees to 10 degrees. Even so, the 95% confidence limits on the prediction of Cobb angle from ISIS2 LA are too wide to use it alone for monitoring