Abstract. Introduction. Total knee replacement (TKR) in patients with
Aims. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes after growth-friendly treatment for early-onset scoliosis (EOS) between patients with
Aims. The aim of this study was to compare the surgical and quality-of-life outcomes of children with
Novel immersive virtual reality (IVR) technologies are revolutionizing medical education. Virtual anatomy education using head-mounted displays allows users to interact with virtual anatomical objects, move within the virtual rooms, and interact with other virtual users. While IVR has been shown to be more effective than textbook learning and 3D computer models presented in 2D screens, the effectiveness of IVR compared to cadaveric models in anatomy education is currently unknown. In this study, we aim to compare the effectiveness of IVR with direct cadaveric bone models in teaching upper and lower limb anatomy for first-year medical students. A randomized, double-blind crossover non-inferiority trial was conducted. Participants were first-year medical students from a single University. Exclusion criteria included students who undertook prior undergraduate or graduate degrees in anatomy. In the first stage of the study, students were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to IVR or cadaveric bone groups studying upper limb
Novel immersive virtual reality (IVR) technologies are revolutionizing medical education. Virtual anatomy education using head-mounted displays allows users to interact with virtual anatomical objects, move within the virtual rooms, and interact with other virtual users. While IVR has been shown to be more effective than textbook learning and 3D computer models presented in 2D screens, the effectiveness of IVR compared to cadaveric models in anatomy education is currently unknown. In this study, we aim to compare the effectiveness of IVR with direct cadaveric bone models in teaching upper and lower limb anatomy for first-year medical students. A randomized, double-blind crossover non-inferiority trial was conducted. Participants were first-year medical students from a single University. Exclusion criteria included students who undertook prior undergraduate or graduate degrees in anatomy. In the first stage of the study, students were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to IVR or cadaveric bone groups studying upper limb
Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) represent a collection of different cell types exhibiting stem cell characteristics but with notable heterogeneity. Among these,
Introduction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the radiological and clinical outcomes in Northern Ireland of free vascularised fibular bone grafting for the treatment of humeral bone loss secondary to osteomyelitis. Upper limb
Background. Replacing bone lost as a consequence of trauma or disease is a major challenge in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Tissue engineering strategies seek to harness the potential of stem cells to regenerate lost or damaged tissue. Bone marrow aspirate (BMA) provides a promising autologous source of
Genetic
Cigarette smoking has a negative impact on the
Aims. Different methods of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction
have been described for
Background. In 2012, the National Joint Registry recorded 86,488 primary total hip replacements (THR) and 9,678 revisions (1). To date aseptic loosening remains the most common cause of revision in hip and knee arthroplasty, accounting for 40% and 32% of all cases respectively and emphasising the need to optimise osseointegration in order to reduce revisions. Clinically, osseointegration results in asymptomatic stable durable fixation of orthopaedic implants. Osseointegration is a complex process involving a number of distinct mechanisms affected by the implant surface topography, which is defined by surface orientation and surface roughness. Micro- and nano-topography levels have discrete effects on implant osseointegration and yet the role on cell function and subsequent bone implant function is unknown. Nanotopography such as collagen banding is a critical component influencing the SSC niche in vivo and has been shown to influence a range of cell behaviours in vitro (2,3). We have used unique fabricated nanotopographical pillar substrates to examine the function of human bone stem cells on titanium surfaces. Aim. To investigate the effect of nanotopographical cues on adult
Advances in our understanding of
Introduction. This is a report of the outcome of management of congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) at
Recent approaches have sought to harness the potential of stem cells to regenerate bone lost as a consequence of trauma or disease. Bone marrow aspirate (BMA) provides an autologous source of
Lung cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and bone metastases occurs in 20–40% of lung cancer patients. They often present symptomatically with pain or
Intermittently administered parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-34) has been shown to promote bone formation in both human and animal studies. The hormone and its analogues stimulate both bone formation and resorption, and as such at low doses are now in clinical use for the treatment of severe osteoporosis. By varying the duration of exposure, parathyroid hormone can modulate genes leading to increased bone formation within a so-called ‘anabolic window’. The osteogenic mechanisms involved are multiple, affecting the stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes and the stem cell niche, and ultimately leading to increased osteoblast activation, reduced osteoblast apoptosis, upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling, increased stem cell mobilisation, and mediation of the RANKL/OPG pathway. Ongoing investigation into their effect on bone formation through ‘coupled’ and ‘uncoupled’ mechanisms further underlines the impact of intermittent PTH on both cortical and cancellous bone. Given the principally catabolic actions of continuous PTH, this article reviews the
The ideal treatment for traumatic anterior dislocation
of the shoulder in the
Introduction and Objective. Calcium phosphates are among the most commonly used bone graft substitute materials. Compositions containing predominantly monetite (∼84.7%) with smaller additions of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP; ∼8.3%) and calcium pyrophosphate (Ca-PP; ∼6.8%) have previously been demonstrated to exhibit osteoinductive properties. Such a multi-component calcium phosphate bioceramic was fashioned in the form of hollowed-out, dome-shaped devices (15 mm diameter, 4 mm height), each reinforced with a 3D printed Ti6Al4V ELI frame. With the aim to induce bone formation beyond the
The term “skeletal skew” recognises the oblique positioning or slanting of two similar halves of the body. It is preferred to asymmetry which describes a disproportion between two quantities with no common measure. In 1982 69 babies with