A reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is frequently performed in the revision setting. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical outcomes and complication rates following revision RSA (RRSA) stratified according to the primary shoulder procedure undergoing revision, including failed hemiarthroplasty (HA), anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), RSA, soft tissue repair (i.e., rotator cuff repair), and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF).

A systematic review of the literature was performed using four databases (EMBASE, Medline, SportDISCUS, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register) between January 1985 and September 2017. The primary outcomes of interest included active range-of-motion (ROM), pain, and functional outcome measures including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score (ASES), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and Constant-Murley (CS) Score. Secondary outcomes included complication rates, such as infection, dislocation, perioperative fracture, base plate failure, neurovascular injury, soft tissue injury, and radiological evidence of scapular notching. Clinical outcome data was assessed for differences between preoperative and postoperative results and complication results were reported as pooled complication rates.

Forty-five studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis, which included 1,016 shoulder arthroplasties with a mean follow-up of 45.2 months (range, 31.1 to 57.2 months) (Fig. 1). The mean patient age at revision was 60.2 years (range, 36 to 65.2 years). Overall, RSA as a revision procedure for failed HA revealed favorable outcomes with respect to forward elevation (FE), CS pain, ASES, SST, and CS outcome assessment scores, with mean improvements of 52.5° ± 21.8° (P = < 0 .001), 6.41 ± 4.01 SD (P = 0.031), 20.1 ± 21.5 (P = 0.02), 5.2 ± 8.7 (P = 0.008), and 30.7 ± 9.4 (P = < 0 .001), respectively. RSA performed as a revision procedure for failed TSA demonstrated an improvement in the CS outcome score (33.8 ± 12.4, P = 0.016). RSA performed as a revision procedure for failed soft tissue repair demonstrated significant improvements in FE (60.2° ± 21.2°, P = 0.031) and external rotation (20.8° ± 18°, P = 0.016), respectively. Lastly, RSA performed as a revision procedure for failed ORIF revealed favorable outcomes in FE (61° ± 20.2°, P = 0.031). There were no significant differences noted in RSA performed as a revision procedure for failed RSA, or when performed for a failed TSA, soft tissue repair, and ORIF in any other outcome of interest. Pooled complication rates were found to be highest in failed RSA (10.9%), followed by soft tissue repair (7.1%), HA (6.8%), TSA (5.4%) and ORIF (4.7%).

When compared to other revision indications, RRSA for failed HA demonstrated the most favorable outcomes, with significant improvements in ROM, pain, and in several outcome assessments. Complication rates were determined and stratified as per the index procedure undergoing RRSA, patients undergoing revision of a failed RSA were found to have the highest complication rates. With this additional information, orthopaedic surgeons will be better equipped to provide preoperative education regarding the risks, benefits and complication rates to those patients undergoing a RRSA.

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Dual mobility is a French concept that appeared in the 1970s and was initially intended to reduce dislocation rates. In recent years, this concept has evolved with new HA titanium spray coatings, new external macrostructures, and better-quality polyethylene. This has allowed to extend the indications to younger and therefore active populations. The objective of our work is to analyze at least 10 years a homogeneous and continuous series of 170 primary total hip replacements associating a latest generation Novae Sunfit. ®. dual mobility cup with a straight femoral stem. Only primary arthroplasties for osteoarthritis or necrosis were included. Total hip arthroplasty was always performed through a posterolateral approach. All patients had regular clinical and radiological follow-up. The average follow-up in our series was 11.5 years. The average age of the population is 71 years. At the last follow-up, there were 17 deaths, 6 losses to follow up and 9 adverse events, including 1 cup change for psoas impingement and 1 dislocation. The low rate of dislocation at 11 years confirms the high stability of the dual mobility, which should be recommended for primary procedure for patients at high risk of postoperative instability. The lack of intraprosthetic dislocation due to wear at 11 years of follow-up highlights the good quality of the latest generation of polyethylene, and the need to combine high-polished surfaces and a refined femoral neck with a dual mobility cup. Finally, the lack of aseptic loosening confirms the quality of the secondary fixation of these implants and justifies their wider use in all patients

In Australia nearly two-thirds of arthroplasty procedures are performed in the private setting, which is disproportionate to the dimensioning 43.5% of the population with private health cover. The rapid growth of shoulder arthroplasty surgery will be absorbed by both private and public sectors. This study aimed to assess the influence of healthcare setting on elective shoulder arthroplasty outcomes, defined by revision rate, and functional measures. Data was collected on all primary procedures performed from 2004 – 2019 within a regional area of Victoria, Australia. Patients were categorised into private or public settings. Trauma cases for acute proximal humerus fractures were excluded. The primary outcome of revision surgery was recorded as a cumulative percentage, and survival analysis conducted to calculate a hazard ratio (HR). Functional outcomes were measured through range-of-motion (ROM) and multiple validated patient-reported-outcome-measures (PROMs). 458 patients were identified in the study: 290 private and 168 public. There was no difference in the revision rate (3.8% private, 4.8% public), with an adjusted HR of 1.25 (p=0.66) for public compared to private. Baseline and post-operative functional measures were significantly greater in the private setting for ROMs and PROMs analysis, in particular post-operative QuickDASH (15.9±14.7 to 32.7±23.5; p<0.001) and Oxford Shoulder Score (42.6±6.3 to 35.7±11.2; p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference for any of the functional measures in the amount of change from baseline to 12-months between settings. Although healthcare setting does not appear to influence revision rate for shoulder arthroplasty, clear differences were demonstrated for functional measures both pre and post operatively. This may be attributed to factors such as access to perioperative rehabilitation and should be an area to target future investigations

Strategy regarding patella resurfacing in total knee replacement (TKR) remains controversial. TKR revision rates are reportedly influenced by surgeon procedure volume. The study aim was to compare revision outcomes of TKR with and without patella resurfacing in different surgeon volume groups using data from the AOANJRR. The study population included 571,149 primary TKRs for osteoarthritis. Surgeons were classified as low, medium, or high-volume based on the quartiles of mean primary TKR volume between 2011 and 2020. Cumulative percent revision (CPR) using Kaplan-Meier estimates of survivorship were calculated for the three surgeon volume groups with and without patella resurfacing. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age and sex, were used to compare revision risks. High-volume surgeons who did not resurface the patella had the highest all-cause CPR (20-year CPR 10.9%, 95% CI [10.0%, 12.0%]). When the patella was resurfaced, high-volume surgeons had the lowest revision rate (7.3%, 95% CI [6.4%, 8.4%]). When the high-volume groups were compared there was a higher rate of revision for the non-resurfaced group after 6 months. When the medium-volume surgeon groups were compared, not resurfacing the patella also was associated with a higher rate of revision after 3 months. The low-volume comparisons showed an initial higher rate of revision with patella resurfacing, but there was no difference after 3 months. When only patella revisions were considered, there were higher rates of revision in all three volume groups where the patella was not resurfaced. TKR performed by high and medium-volume surgeons without patella resurfacing had higher revision rates compared to when the patella was resurfaced. Resurfacing the patella in the primary procedure protected against revision for patella reasons in all surgeon volume groups. Level of evidence: III (National registry analysis)

Increasing femoral offset in total hip replacement (THR) has several benefits including improved hip abductor strength and enhanced range of motion. Biomechanical studies have suggested that this may negatively impact on stem stability. However, it is unclear whether this has a clinical impact. Using data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), the aim of this study was to determine the impact of stem offset and stem size for the three most common cementless THR prostheses revised for aseptic loosening. The study period was September 1999 to December 2020. The study population included all primary procedures for osteoarthritis with a cementless THR using the Corail, Quadra-H and Polarstem. Procedures were divided into small and large stem sizes and by standard and high stem offset for each stem system. Hazard ratios (HR) from Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age and gender, were performed to compare revision for aseptic loosening for offset and stem size for each of the three femoral stems. There were 55,194 Corail stems, 13,642 Quadra-H stem, and 13,736 Polarstem prostheses included in this study. For the Corail stem, offset had an impact only when small stems were used (sizes 8-11). Revision for aseptic loosening was increased for the high offset stem (HR=1.90;95% CI 1.53–2.37;p<0.001). There was also a higher revision risk for aseptic loosening for high offset small size Quadra-H stems (sizes 0-3). Similar to the Corail stem, offset did not impact on the revision risk for larger stems (Corail sizes 12-20, Quadra-H sizes 4-7). The Polarstem did not show any difference in aseptic loosening revision risk when high and standard offset stems were compared, and this was irrespective of stem size. High offset may be associated with increased revision for aseptic loosening, but this is both stem size and prosthesis specific

Postoperative surgical site infection in patients treated with lumbosacral fusion has been believed to be caused by perioperative contamination (Perioperative Inside-Out infections) in patients with comorbidities. With the proximity of these incisions to the perianal region and limited patient mobility in the early post-operative period, local contamination from gastrointestinal and/or urogenital flora (Postoperative Outside-In infections) should be considered as a major source of complication. A single center, retrospective review of adult patients treated with open posterior lumbosacral fusions between January 2014 and January 2021. We aimed to identify common factors in patients experiencing deep postoperative infections. Oncological, minimally invasive, primary infection, and index procedures carried out at other institutions were excluded. We identified 489 eligible patients, 20 of which required debridement deep to the fascia (4.1%). Mean age (62.9 vs 60.8), operative time (420 vs 390 minutes), estimated blood loss (1772 vs 1790 mL) and median levels fused (8.5 vs 9) were similar between the infected and non-infected groups. There was a higher percentage of deformity patients (75% vs 29%) and increased BMI (32.7 vs 28.4) in the infected group. The mean time from primary procedure to debridement was 40.8 days. Four patients showed no growth on culture. Three showed Staphylococcus species (Perioperative Inside-Out infections) requiring debridement at a mean of 100.3 days (95%CI 0- 225 days). Thirteen patients showed infection with intestinal or urogenital pathogens (Postoperative Outside-In infections) requiring debridement at a mean of 20.0 days (95%CI 9-31 days). Postoperative Outside-In infections led to debridement 80.3 days earlier than Perioperative Inside-Out infections (p= 0.007). In this series, 65% of deep infections were due to early local contamination by gastrointestinal and/or urogenital tracts pathogens. These infections were debrided significantly earlier than the Staphylococcus species infections. Due to the proximity of the incisions to the perianal region, there should be increased focus on post-operative local wound management to ensure these pathogens are away from the wound during the critical stages of wound healing

Despite recent advances in the management of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), controversy remains about the treatment of choice for unstable slips. Surgical dislocation and open reduction has the advantage of identifying and preserving the blood supply of femoral head thereby potentially reducing the risk of avascular necrosis, (AVN). There is large variation in the literature from several small series about reported AVN rates ranging from two to 66% for unstable SCFE treated with surgical dislocation. The aim of our study was to analyze our experience with acute open reduction and internal fixation of unstable acute and unstable acute on chronic slips using the technique of surgical dislocation described by Professor Reinhold Ganz. A retrospective review of 11 patients (12 hips) treated by surgical dislocation, reduction and pinning as the primary procedure for unstable acute and unstable acute on chronic SCFE in a tertiary referral children's hospital was undertaken. This represents the entire series treated in this manner from September 2007 to January 2018. These procedures were performed by a team of Orthopaedic surgeons with significant experience performing surgical dislocation of the hip including patients with chronic SCFE, Perthes' disease, impingement and acetabular fractures. Demographic data, intraoperative records, postoperative notes and radiographs including details of subsequent surgery were reviewed. There were seven boys and four girls with mean age of 13.4 years, range 11 to 15 years at the time of surgical dislocation. Out of 12 hips, two had acute unstable slip while the remaining 10 had acute on chronic unstable slip. Six patients had good or excellent results. The remaining six patients developed AVN of which three patients had total hip replacement at six months, 17 months and 18 months following primary procedure. Seven patients required more than one operation. Three patients lost their correction and required re fixation despite surgical dislocation, reduction and fixation being their primary procedure. This series demonstrates a high percentage of AVN (50%) in severe unstable SCFE treated with surgical dislocation despite careful attention to retinacular flap development and intra operative doppler studies. This is in direct contrast to our experience with subcapital reorientation with surgical dislocation in stable slips where excellent results were achieved with a low rate of AVN. Pre-operative imaging with MRI and perfusion studies may identify where ischemia has occurred and might influence operative treatment. Based on our results, we do not recommend routine use of surgical dislocation in unstable SCFE. This technique requires further scrutiny to define the operative indications in unstable SCFE

Glenoid bone grafting in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has emerged as an effective method of restoring bone stock in the presence of complex glenoid bone loss, yet there is limited published evidence on efficacy. The aim of this study was to conduct an analysis of clinical and radiographic outcomes associated with glenoid bone grafting in primary RTSA. Patients who underwent a primary RTSA with glenoid bone grafting were retrospectively identified from the databases of two senior shoulder surgeons. Inclusion criteria included minimum of 12 months clinical and/or radiographical follow up. Patients underwent preoperative clinical and radiographic assessment. Graft characteristics (source, type, preparation), range of movement (ROM), patient-reported outcome measures (Oxford Shoulder Scores [OSS]), and complications were recorded. Radiographic imaging was used to analyse implant stability, graft incorporation, and notching by two independent reviewers. Between 2013 and 2021, a total of 53 primary RTSA procedures (48 patients) with glenoid bone grafting were identified. Humeral head autograft was used in 51 (96%) of cases. Femoral head allograft was utilised in two cases. Depending on the morphology of glenoid bone loss, a combination of structural (corticocancellous) and non-structural (cancellous) grafts were used to restore glenoid bone stock and the joint line. All grafts were incorporated at review. The mean post-operative OSS was significantly higher than the pre-operative OSS (40 vs. 22, p < 0.001). ROM was significantly improved post-operatively. One patient is being investigated for residual activity-related shoulder pain. This patient also experienced scapular notching resulting in the fracturing of the inferior screw. One patient experienced recurrent dislocations but was not revised. Overall, at short term follow up, glenoid bone grafting was effective in addressing glenoid bone loss with excellent functional and clinical outcomes when used for complex bone loss in primary RTSA. The graft incorporation rate was high, with an associated low complication rate

Aim. Debridement Antibiotics and Implant Retention(DAIR) is a procedure to treat a periprosthetic joint infection(PJI) after Total Hip Arthroplasty(THA) or Total Knee Arthroplasty(TKA). The timing between the primary procedure and the DAIR is likely a determinant for its successful outcome. There are few retrospective studies correlating timing of a DAIR with success (1,2). However, the optimal timing of a DAIR and the chance of success still remains unclear. We aimed to assess the risk of re-revision within one year after a DAIR procedure and to evaluate the timing of the DAIR in primary THA and TKA. An estimation of the chance of a successful DAIR will help clinicians and patients in their decision-making process in case of an acute postoperative PJI. Method. We used data from the Dutch Arthroplasty Register(LROI) and selected all primary THA and TKA in the period 2007–2016 who underwent a DAIR within 12 weeks after primary procedure. A DAIR was defined as a revision for infection in which only modular parts were exchanged. A DAIR was successful if not followed by a re-revision within 1 year after DAIR. The analyses were separated for THA and TKA procedures. Results. 207 DAIRs were performed <4 weeks after THA of which 41(20%) received a re-revision within 1 year; 87 DAIRs were performed between 4–8 weeks of which 15(17%) were re-revised and 11 DAIRs were performed >8 weeks and 2(18%) received a re-revision. 126 DAIRs were performed <4 weeks after TKA of which 27(21%) received a re-revision within 1 year; 68 DAIRs were performed between 4–8 weeks of which 14(21%) were re-revised and 15 DAIRs were performed >8 weeks and 3(20%) received a re-revision. Conclusions. There was no difference in 1-year re-revision rate after a DAIR procedure by timing of DAIR procedure for total hip and knee arthroplasty based on Dutch registry data

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the risk of postoperative complications in COVID-19-positive patients undergoing common orthopaedic procedures.

Introduction & aims. Apparently well-orientated total hip replacements (THR) can still fail due to functional component malalignment. Previously defined “safe zones” are not appropriate for all patients as they do not consider an individual's spinopelvic mobility. The Optimized Positioning System, OPS. TM. (Corin, UK), comprises preoperative planning based on a patient-specific dynamic analysis, and patient-specific instrumentation for delivery of the target component alignment. The aim of this study was to determine the early revision rate from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) for THRs implanted using OPS. TM. . Method. Between January 4. th. 2016 and December 20. st. 2017, a consecutive series of 841 OPS. TM. cementless total hip replacements were implanted using a Trinity acetabular cup (Corin, UK) with either a TriFit TS stem (98%) or a non-collared MetaFix stem (2%). 502 (59%) procedures were performed through a posterior approach, and 355 (41%) using the direct superior approach. Mean age was 64 (range; 27 to 92) and 51% were female. At a mean follow-up of 15 months (range; 3 to 27), the complete list of 857 patients was sent to the AOANJRR for analysis. Results. There were 5 revisions: . a periprosthetic femoral fracture at 1-month post-op in a 70F. a ceramic head fracture at 12-months post-op in a 59M. a femoral stem loosening at 7-months post-op in a 58M. a femoral stem loosening at 16-months post-op in a 64M. an anterior dislocation in a 53M, that was revised 9 days after the primary procedure. CT analysis, prior to revision surgery, revealed acetabular cup orientation of 46°/31° (inclination/anteversion) and femoral stem anteversion of 38°. Conclusions. These preliminary findings suggest the OPS. TM. dynamic planning and delivery system provides good early results, with a low rate of revision for dislocation. Limitations of the study will be discussed

Aims

Bacterial infection activates neutrophils to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in bacterial biofilms of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the increase in NET activation and release (NETosis) and haemostasis markers in the plasma of patients with PJI, to evaluate whether such plasma induces the activation of neutrophils, to ascertain whether increased NETosis is also mediated by reduced DNaseI activity, to explore novel therapeutic interventions for NETosis in PJI in vitro, and to evaluate the potential diagnostic use of these markers.

The role of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) remains controversial, even though SONK usually involves only medial compartment of the knee joint. We aimed to compare the survival rate and clinical outcomes of UKA in SONK and medial compartment osteoarthritis (MOA) via a meta-analysis of previous studies. MEDLINE database in PubMed, the Embase database, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2018 with keywords related to SONK and UKA. Studies were selected with predetermined inclusion criteria: (1) medial UKA as the primary procedure, (2) reporting implant survival or clinical outcomes of osteonecrosis and osteoarthritis, and (3) follow-up period greater than 1 year. Quality assessment was performed using the risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomised studies (RoBANs). A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR) and standardised mean difference. The incidence of UKA revision for any reason was significantly higher in SONK than in MOA group (pooled RR = 1.83, p = 0.009). However, the risk of revision due to aseptic loosening and all- cause re-operation was not significantly different between the groups. Moreover, when stratified by the study quality, high quality studies showed similar risk of overall revision in SONK and MOA (p = 0.71). Subgroup analysis revealed worse survival of SONK, mainly related to high failure after uncemented UKA. Clinical outcomes after UKA were similar between SONK and MOA (p = 0.66). Cemented UKA has similar survival and clinical outcomes in SONK and MOA. Prospective studies designed specifically to compare the UKA outcomes in SONK and MOA are necessary

We present a prospective two-year follow-up study of 1038 hip arthroscopies performed at a high volume tertiary referral centre for hip preservation. We feel that this manuscript is both pertinent and timely due to the advances in the field of hip preservation. We used four validated patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores along with the visual analog scale (VAS) and patient satisfaction scores to assess preoperative and postoperative outcomes in all patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. We divided the entire cohort into patients undergoing primary and revision hip arthroscopies. We found a statistically significant improvement from preoperative to two-year postoperative PRO scores in the two subgroups. We also found a significant difference in the PRO scores at three months, one year, and two years postoperatively between the primary and revision subgroups. The revision subgroup had inferior VAS and patient satisfaction compared to the primary subgroup, however these results were not significant. The conversion to total hip arthroplasty/hip resurfacing (THA/HR) was 5.6% and 11.2% in the primary and revision subgroups, respectively. This resulted in a relative risk of 2.0 for conversion to THA/HR in the revision subgroup. We had a complication rate of 5.3 (only 0.5% of which were considered major) which was similar to that reported in the literature for hip arthroscopy. The primary purpose was to perform a survival analysis in a large mixed cohort of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy at a high volume tertiary referral centre for hip preservation with minimum two-year follow-up. The secondary purpose was to compare clinical outcomes of primary versus revision hip arthroscopy. From February 2008 to June 2012, data were prospectively collected on all patients undergoing primary or revision hip arthroscopy. Patients were assessed pre- and post-operatively with modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), and Hip Outcome Score-Sport Specific Subscales (HOS-SSS). Pain was estimated on the visual analog scale (VAS). Patient satisfaction was measured on a scale from 0 to 10. There were a total of 1155 arthroscopies performed, including 1040 primary arthroscopies (926 patients) and 115 revision arthroscopies (106 patients). Of these, 931 primary arthroscopies (89.5%) in 824 patients (89.0%) and 107 revision arthroscopies (93.0%) in 97 patients (91.5%), were available for follow-up and included in our study. The mean change in patient reported outcome (PRO) scores at two-year follow-up in the primary subgroup was 17.4 for mHHS, 19.7 for HOS-ADL, 23.8 for HOS-SSS, 21.3 for NAHS, and −3.0 for VAS. The mean change in PRO scores at two-year follow-up in the revision subgroup was 13.4, 10.9, 16.1, 15.4, and −2.7, respectively. All scores improved significantly compared to pre-operatively (p<0.001). PRO scores were higher at all time points for the primary subgroup compared to the revision subgroup (p<0.05). Satisfaction was 7.7 and 7.2 for primary and revision subgroups, respectively. Of 931 primary arthroscopies, 52 (5.6%) underwent THA/HR. Of 107 revision arthroscopies, 12 (11.2%) underwent THA/HR. The relative risk of a THA/HR was 2.0 after revision procedures compared to primary procedures. The overall complication rate was 5.3%. Hip arthroscopy showed significant improvement in all PRO, VAS, and satisfaction scores at two years postoperatively. Primary arthroscopy patients showed greater PRO scores and a trend towards greater VAS compared to the revision subgroup. The relative risk of a THA/HR was 2.0 after revision procedures compared to primary procedures

Aims

There is little published on the outcomes after restarting elective orthopaedic procedures following cessation of surgery due to the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, the reported perioperative mortality in patients who acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection while undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery was 18% to 20%. The aim of this study is to report the surgical outcomes, complications, and risk of developing COVID-19 in 2,316 consecutive patients who underwent elective orthopaedic surgery in the latter part of 2020 and comparing it to the same, pre-pandemic, period in 2019.

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of revision subacromial decompression and identify different pathologies. Materials/Methods. We analysed the patients who underwent Revision Arthroscopic Subacromial decompression from our prospective database of shoulder patients. Between April 2003 and Dec 2010, 797 patients underwent arthroscopic subacromial decompression. Patients who underwent any other procedure i.e. biceps tenotomy, capsular release, cuff repair were excluded from the study. Of these, 37 underwent a revision subacromial decompression (Revision rate 4.6%). The indication for revision procedure was persistent pain or restricted movements not responding to physiotherapy and injections. Results. We found that 1) Patients having cuff pathology i.e. partial tear or degenerate cuff were more likely to need a revision procedure (11/37 and 92/797, p = 0.001). 2) The rate of ACJ excision done for residual pain after primary subacromial decompression was similar to the rate of ACJ excision at the time of the primary procedure (7/37 vs. 100/797, p= 0.5). 3) Presence of Calcific deposits did not have any influence on the risk of having a revision procedure (2/37 and 12/797, p= 0.1). 4) Patients found to have synovitis in the primary procedure were more likely to need revision procedure (10/37 and 81/797, p = 0.001). 5) Presence of biceps tendonitis did not significantly affect the risk of having a revision procedure after arthroscopic subacromial decompression (3 /37 and 21 /797, p = 0.5). Conclusion. Our revision rate is similar to those published in literature. In our failed cases there was a trend for patients to have an associated partial rotator cuff tear and synovitis

Forearm deformity is common in Hereditary Multiple Exostoses, for which multiple surgical treatments exist. Acute ulnar lengthening has been described in the literature, though in small numbers and not independent of adjunctive procedures. We hypothesise that acute ulnar lengthening as a primary procedure is safe and effective in correcting forearm deformity. Seventeen ulnas in 13 patients had acute ulnar lengthening for HME associated forearm deformity, over an eight-year period. Radiographic parameters were assessed and compared preoperatively and postoperatively. Mean follow-up was 27 months. Complications and revisions were noted. The mean pre-operative ulnar variance, 12.4mm (range 6.1 – 16.5), was significantly reduced post-operatively to a mean 4.6mm (p=<0.00001). A significant acute difference was achieved in carpal slip, (mean change of −2.2mm, p=0.02) but no significant change was seen with regard to radial bowing (p=0.98) or radial articular angle (p=0.74). There were three episodes of recurrence requiring revision. There were no major complications. Significant radiographic improvements in forearm and wrist alignment were seen with acute ulnar lengthening. Complications were infrequent. Recurrence rates in the skeletally immature patients are comparable to that reported with gradual lengthening techniques. Acute ulnar lengthening for forearm deformity associated with HME, has been demonstrated to be a safe, reproducible and effective surgical procedure

Aims

Elective orthopaedic services have had to adapt to significant system-wide pressures since the emergence of COVID-19 in December 2019. Length of stay is often recognized as a key marker of quality of care in patients undergoing arthroplasty. Expeditious discharge is key in establishing early rehabilitation and in reducing infection risk, both procedure-related and from COVID-19. The primary aim was to determine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic length of stay following hip and knee arthroplasty at a high-volume, elective orthopaedic centre.

Reoperations may be a better way of tracking adverse outcomes than complications. Repeat surgery causes cost to the system, and often indicate failure of the primary procedure resulting in the patient not achieving the expected improvement in pain and function. Understanding the cause of repeat surgery at the primary site may result in design improvements to implants or improvements to fusion techniques resulting in better outcomes in the future. The COFAS group have designed a reoperation classification system. The purpose of this study was to outline the inter and intra observer reliability of this classification scheme. To verify the inter- and intra-observer reliability of this new coding system, six fellow ship trained practicing foot and ankle Orthopaedic surgeons were asked to classify 62 repeat surgeries from a single surgeons practice. The six surgeons read the operation reports in random order, and reread the reports 2 weeks later in a different order. Reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and proportions of agreement. The agreement between pairs of readings (915 for inter observer for the first and second read – 61 readings with 15 comparisons, observer 1 with observer 2, observer 1 with observer 3, etc) was determined by seeing how often each observer agreed. This was repeated for the 366 ratings for intra observer readings (61 times 6). The inter-observer reliability on the first read had a mean intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.89. The range for the 15 comparisons was 0.81 to 1.0. Amongst all 1830 paired codings between two observers, 1605 (88%) were in agreement. Across the 61 cases, 45 (74%) were given the same code by all six observers. However, the difference when present was larger with more observers not agreeing. The inter-observer reliability test on the second read had a mean ICC of 0.94, with a range of 0.90. There were 43 (72%) observations that were the same across all six observers. Of all pairs (915 in total) there was agreement in 804 pairs for the first reading (88%) and disagreement in 111 (12%). For the second reading there was agreement in 801 pairs (86%) and disagreement in 114 (14%). The intra-observer reliability averaged an ICC value of 0.92, with a range of 0.86 to 0.98. The observers agreed with their own previous observations 324 times out of 366 paired readings (89% agreement of pairs). The COFAS classification of reoperations for end stage ankle arthritis was reliable. This scheme potentially could be applied to other areas of Orthopaedic surgery and should replace the Claiden Dindo modifications that do not accurately reflect Orthopaedic outcomes. As complications are hard to define and lack consistent terminology reoperations and resource utilisation (extra clinic visits, extra days in hospital and extra hours of surgery) may be more reliable measures of the negative effects of surgery

Reoperations may be a better way of tracking adverse outcomes than complications. Repeat surgery causes cost to the system, and often indicate failure of the primary procedure resulting in the patient not achieving the expected improvement in pain and function. Understanding the cause of repeat surgery at the primary site may result in design improvements to implants or improvements to fusion techniques resulting in better outcomes in the future. The COFAS group have designed a reoperation classification system. The purpose of this study was to outline the inter and intra observer reliability of this classification scheme. To verify the inter- and intra-observer reliability of this new coding system, six fellow ship trained practicing foot and ankle Orthopaedic surgeons were asked to classify 62 repeat surgeries from a single surgeons practice. The six surgeons read the operation reports in random order, and reread the reports 2 weeks later in a different order. Reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and proportions of agreement. The agreement between pairs of readings (915 for inter observer for the first and second read – 61 readings with 15 comparisons, observer 1 with observer 2, observer 1 with observer 3, etc) was determined by seeing how often each observer agreed. This was repeated for the 366 ratings for intra observer readings (61 times 6). The inter-observer reliability on the first read had a mean intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.89. The range for the 15 comparisons was 0.81 to 1.0. Amongst all 1830 paired codings between two observers, 1605 (88%) were in agreement. Across the 61 cases, 45 (74%) were given the same code by all six observers. However, the difference when present was larger with more observers not agreeing. The inter-observer reliability test on the second read had a mean ICC of 0.94, with a range of 0.90. There were 43 (72%) observations that were the same across all six observers. Of all pairs (915 in total) there was agreement in 804 pairs for the first reading (88%) and disagreement in 111 (12%). For the second reading there was agreement in 801 pairs (86%) and disagreement in 114 (14%). The intra-observer reliability averaged an ICC value of 0.92, with a range of 0.86 to 0.98. The observers agreed with their own previous observations 324 times out of 366 paired readings (89% agreement of pairs). The COFAS classification of reoperations for end stage ankle arthritis was reliable. This scheme potentially could be applied to other areas of Orthopaedic surgery and should replace the Claiden Dindo modifications that do not accurately reflect Orthopaedic outcomes. As complications are hard to define and lack consistent terminology reoperations and resource utilisation (extra clinic visits, extra days in hospital and extra hours of surgery) may be more reliable measures of the negative effects of surgery