Aims. To assess if older symptomatic children with club foot deformity differ in perceived disability and foot function during gait, depending on initial treatment with Ponseti or surgery, compared to a control group. Second aim was to investigate correlations between foot function during gait and perceived disability in this population. Methods. In all, 73 children with idiopathic club foot were included: 31 children treated with the Ponseti method (mean age 8.3 years; 24 male; 20 bilaterally affected, 13 left and 18 right sides analyzed), and 42 treated with primary surgical correction (mean age 11.6 years; 28 male; 23 bilaterally affected, 18 left and 24 right sides analyzed). Foot function data was collected during walking gait and included Oxford Foot Model kinematics (Foot Profile Score and the range of movement and average position of each part of the foot) and plantar pressure (peak pressure in five areas of the foot). Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire, Disease Specific Index for club foot, Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 were also collected. The gait data were compared between the two club foot groups and compared to control data. The gait data were also correlated with the data extracted from the questionnaires. Results. Our findings suggest that symptomatic children with club foot deformity present with similar degrees of gait deviations and perceived disability regardless of whether they had previously been treated with the Ponseti Method or surgery. The presence of sagittal and coronal plane hindfoot deformity and coronal plane forefoot deformity were associated with higher levels of perceived disability, regardless of their initial treatment. Conclusion. This is the first paper to compare outcomes between Ponseti and surgery in a symptomatic older club foot population seeking further treatment. It is also the first paper to correlate foot function during gait and perceived disability to establish a link between deformity and subjective outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-7:384–391

A huge commitment is required from patients and families who undergo a limb reconstruction procedure using the hexapod frame. This includes turning the struts on the frame, pin site care and intensive rehabilitation. Montpetit et al (2009) discovered that function, participation, engagement in regular activities of daily living is severely impacted during the hexapod lengthening period. Due to the long duration and burden for families, it is imperative that healthcare professionals understand the impact that the hexapod frame has on functional abilities and health related quality of life (HRQL). This project involved a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on function and HRQL during two periods of time: (1) when the hexapod frame is applied on the child's lower extremity and (2) when the lengthening phase is completed, and the hexapod frame is removed. Data from 38 children (mean age: 12 years SD 3.8) who completed lower extremity reconstruction using the hexapod frame and completed either or both the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scale (PedsQL) and Pediatric Outcomes data Collection Instrument (PODCI) was included. Analysis included, standardized response means, the non-parametric Wilcoxon test and effect size calculation. A Wilcoxon signed rank test for those children who completed pre and post frame PODCI’;s revealed those scores were significantly greater once the hexapod frame was removed (Md=85.10, n=10) compared to during (Md=66.50, n=10) with a large effect size, r= 1.45. Similar, the PedsQL scores improved post frame removal (Md= 66.30, n=10) compared to during treatment (Md = 53.34, n=10), with a medium size effect, r= 0.62. All subtests improved once the frame was removed. This study provides essential insights into the burden of the hexapod frame for children and provides valuable information for all allied healthcare professionals targeted interventions for health domains. This study shows that children's function improves once the hexapod frame is removed. However, this study highlights the importance for all healthcare professional to address health domains for the duration of the hexapod procedure where the child scored lower e.g. sports and physical function, pain and comfort, happiness from the PODCI. The PedsQL identified lower mean scores in physical and emotional function