The future of work brings several challenges and opportunities for occupational health and safety on three major drivers: the rapid progress of technological innovation; demographic changes, in particular ageing of the workforce and migration; and changes in the labour market, especially owing to new ways of per-forming jobs. Innovation technologies are leading to an overall transformation of industrial processes that offer huge developmental perspectives in the world of work and opportunities for society. In the field of prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, relevant progresses have been made in the clinical setting and in the context of care, also in relation to the ageing society. In the near future, the adaptation of workstations and the implementation of sensors and enabling technologies (collaborative robots and exoskeletons) will offer, together with the innovations in the clinic and orthopaedic surgery, a significant contribution to the reduction of risks from biomechanical overload, as well as support interventions to increase work ability and reduce the impact of disability. However, the potential risk scenarios for health and safety in the workplace, along with the progress in occupational health research, lead to the need for creating an inte-grated system of skills and approaches to adopt a Prevention through Design perspective. This requires designing and conceiving processes taking into consideration occupational risk prevention and guarantee-ing the return to work in a multidisciplinary and integrated perspective