Our aim was to determine the prevalence of shoulder symptoms in patients with type I compared to type 2 diabetes mellitus and evaluate the clinical presentation of patients diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis. This was a retrospective case-note review of 164 diabetic patients treated for shoulder symptoms from 1996 to 2007. Diabeta 3 for relevant Diabetic data. We used ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact tests.

The incidence of treated shoulder patients in diabetic population: 1.04%. 86 males; 78 females. Average age 58 years (22 – 83). DM Type I 34% (46/136); Type II 66% (90/136). Mean duration of DM at presentation: 10 years (1–33). Mean HbA1c at presentation 8.3%. Retinopathy 16% (19/90); Neuropathy 12% (12/88).

The diagnoses were: Impingement 101 (62%); Adhesive Capsulitis 35 (21%); Cuff tear 17 (10%); Arthritis 11 (7%).

Mean recorded pre-treatment ROM: Impingement (flexion 117°, abduction 103°, ER 36°); Adhesive Capsulitis (flexion 90°, abduction 75°, ER 12°); Cuff tear (flexion 109°, abduction 95°, ER 45°); Arthritis (flexion 67°, abduction 93°, ER 18°).

Adhesive Capsulitis was significantly related to: HbA1c (9.9%); p< 0.001, Type I DM; p< 0.003, Duration of DM (average 17.5 yrs); p< 0.03.

An interesting statistically significant (p< 0.003) correlation was found between Type 2 DM and Impingement Syndrome.

Treatments included: Injection (53), MUA (49), Arthroscopy (99), Open Surgery (56). 82% patients satisfactorily discharged (mild/no pain and improved ROM: flexion > 150°, abduction > 150° and ER > 50°) after an average 3.4 months. Three referred to pain clinic, sixteen patients didn’t attend their follow-up appointment and seven died. Eleven relapsed (eight adhesive capsulitis).

Persistent symptoms were more common in Diabetic patients with adhesive capsulitis, which was found to be significantly related to Type I DM, its duration and control (HbA1c levels). Type II Diabetics are more likely to be affected with impingement syndrome. Close liaison with the Diabetology Department is essential for effective treatment of Diabetic Shoulder pathology.

Aims

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive inherited condition that presents with a number of clinical manifestations that include musculoskeletal manifestations (MM). MM may present differently in different individuals and settings and the predictors are not well known. Herein, we aimed at determining the predictors of MM in patients with SCD at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.