Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a crucial transcription factor to maintain cellular redox homeostasis, but is also affecting bone metabolism. As the association between Nrf2 and osteoporosis in elderly
Osteochondromas are benign chondrogenic lesions arising on the external surface of the bone with aberrant cartilage (exostosis) from the perichondral ring that may contain a marrow cavity also. In a few cases, depending on the anatomical site affected, different degrees of edema, redness, paresthesia, or paresis can take place due to simple contact or friction. Also, depending on their closeness to neurovascular structures, the procedure of excision becomes crucial to avoid recurrence. We report a unique case of recurrent osteochondroma of the proximal humerus enclosing the brachial artery which makes for an important case and procedure to ensure that no relapse occurs. We report a unique case of a 13-year-old
To investigate if the countermovement jump height differs between ACL injured and uninjured
Mice are increasingly used for fracture healing research because of the possibility to use transgenic animals to conduct research on the molecular level. Mice from both sexes can be used, however, there is no consensus in the literature if fracture healing differs between
Previous studies revealed the close relation of anxiety and low back pain. Among people with chronic low back pain, anxiety is the most commonly reported mental disorder. Thus, in the literature, there are several studies considering the anxiety as a risk factor for chronic low back pain. The authors also documented a significant differences between sexes in anxiety and quality of life due to low back pain. US National Institute of Mental Health reports that the lifetime prevalence of an anxiety disorder is 60 % higher in women than in men and that the onset, severity, clinical course, and treatment response of anxiety disorders differ significantly in women. In addition, literature has showed that women may have a worse quality of life when they have low back pain. University students may undergo an undue amount of stress, with negative outcomes in terms of academic resuşts and personal, emotional or health, consequences. Moreover, stress can be experienced at different time periods, not only during university life, but also before, during the transition from undergraduate to professional level, and after, during the transition to the life work. After all these literature knowledge, we designed the study to compare the anxiety and quality of life levels of
The key points of this talk are: (a) STEM skills are increasingly required by employers across a broad range of sectors. These skills help to foster systemic and critical thinking in a number of areas and are not confined to four subjects alone. Due to the increasing digitalisation of society and the world of work the demand for STEM skills will only intensify. (b) There is a need to increase the number of STEM-qualified people in Ireland and across Europe with employers highlighting a specific shortage of people with these skills. This is particularly apparent as concerns engineers, computer scientists and data analysts. To achieve this, it is necessary to raise awareness of the STEM-related careers that are available and to promote participation in STEM courses and studies, notably among women. (c) Parents, teachers, employers and education and training providers, both through their individual and joint actions, have a key role to play in fostering STEM skills acquisition.
The relationship of degeneration to symptoms has been questioned. MRI detects apparently similar disc degeneration and degenerative changes in subjects both with and without back pain. We aimed to overcome these problems by re-annotating MRIs from asymptomatic and symptomatic groups onto the same grading system. We analysed disc degeneration in pre-existing large MRI datasets. Their MRIs were all originally annotated on different scales. We re-annotated all MRIs independent of their initial grading system, using a verified, rapid automated MRI annotation system (SpineNet) which reported degeneration on the Pfirrmann (1-5) scale, and other degenerative features (herniation, endplate defects, marrow signs, spinal stenosis) as binary present/absent. We compared prevalence of degenerative features between symptomatics and asymptomatics. Pfirrmann degeneration grades in relation to age and spinal level were very similar for the two independent groups of symptomatics over all ages and spinal levels. Severe degenerative changes were significantly more prevalent in discs of symptomatics than asymptomatics in the caudal but not the rostral lumbar discs in subjects < 60 years. We found high co-existence of degenerative features in both populations. Degeneration was minimal in around 30% of symptomatics < 50 years. We confirmed age and disc level are significant in determining imaging differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic populations and should not be ignored. Automated analysis, by rapidly combining and comparing data from existing groups with MRIs and information on LBP, provides a way in which epidemiological and ‘big data’ analysis could be advanced without the expense of collecting new groups.
Background. Balance impairment and falling are of the major health problems in elderly individuals. The ability to maintain standing balance influences the risk of falling while performing everyday activities. Postural control is the base of balance that is the result of collaboration of visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems. Single leg stance test is a simple clinical method to evaluate static balance. In this test, the center of body mass is on a small support level and need to make corrective movements to create balance by postural control system. Kinesiotaping and stretching of ankle plantar flexor muscles used in physical therapy are effective in improvement of postural balance. Kinesiotaping is effective in maintaining balance by activates cutaneous receptors and promoting alpha motor neuron stimulation. Moreover, stretching is a common treatment used to prevent muscle shortness and increase the range of motion that improves the balance. Aim. Therefore the aim of current study was to compare the effects of these two methods in elderly women and men on ankle plantar flexor muscles which are effective to maintain postural status. Materials and Methods. In a single blind randomized clinical trial, 20 elderly male and 20 elderly
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is associated with a higher risk of revision compared with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The outcomes of knee arthroplasty are typically presented as implant survival or incidence of revision after a set number of years, which can be difficult for patients and clinicians to conceptualise. We aimed to calculate the ‘lifetime risk’ of revision for UKA as a more relatable estimate of risk projection over a patient's remaining lifetime, and make comparisons to TKA.
All primary UKAS performed from 1999 to 2019 (n=13,481) captured by the New Zealand Joint Registry (NZJR) were included. The lifetime risk of revision was calculated and stratified by age, gender and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status.
The lifetime risk of revision for UKA was highest in the youngest patients (46-50 years; 40.4%) and lowest in the oldest patients (86-90 years; 3.7%). Lifetime risk of revision was higher for
Acetabular morphology and orientation differs from ethnic group to another. Thus, investigating the normal range of the parameters that are used to assess both was a matter of essence. Nevertheless, the main aim of this study was clarification the relationship between acetabular inclination (AI) and acetabular and femoral head arcs’ radii (AAR and FHAR). A cross-sectional retrospective study that had been done in a tertiary center where Computed tomography abdomen scouts’ radiographs of non-orthopedics patients were included. They had no history of pelvic or hips’ related symptoms or fractures in femur or pelvis. A total of 84 patients was included with 52% of them were
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of pain and disability worldwide and is characterized by the degenerative changes of articular cartilage. Joint loading is required for cartilage maintenance; however, hyper-physiologic loading is a risk factor for OA. Mechanosensitive ion channels Piezo1 and Piezo2 synergistically transduce hyper-physiologic compression of chondrocytes, leading to chondrocyte death and onset of OA. This injury response is inhibited by Piezo channel loss of function, however the mechanistic role of Piezo channels in vivo is unknown. We examined the hypothesis that deletion of Piezo in chondrocytes will protect mice from joint damage and pain-related behaviors following a surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), investigating a key mechanistic and mechanobiological role of these channels in the pathogenesis of OA. Aggrecan-Cre Piezo1 and Piezo1/2 knockout mice ((Agc)1-CRE. ERT2. ;Piezo1. fl/fl. Piezo2. fl/fl. ) were generated and given a 5-day Tamoxifen regimen at 12-weeks of age (n=6–12/group/sex). Cre-negative mice served as controls. At 16-weeks, mice received DMM surgery on the left knee. 12-weeks following DMM prior to sacrifice, activity and hyperalgesia were measured using spontaneous running wheels and a small animal algometer. Structural changes in bone, cartilage, and synovium were characterized using microCT, histology, and Modified Mankin Score criteria. Knockout of Piezo1/2 channels was chondroprotective in both sexes following DMM surgery as demonstrated by reduced Modified Mankin Score compared to control animals. Piezo1 KO was chondroprotective in only
To investigate differences in the drop vertical jump height in
Acetabular morphology and orientation differs from ethnic group to another. Thus, investigating the natural history of the parameters that are used to assess both was a matter of essence. Nevertheless, clarification the picture of normal value in our society was the main aim of this study. However, Acetabular head index (AHI) and center edge angle (CEA) were the most sensitive indicative parameters for acetabular dysplasia. Hence, they were the main variables used in evaluation of acetabular development. A cross-sectional retrospective study that had been done in a tertiary center. Computed tomography abdomen scouts’ radiographs of non-orthopedics patients were included. They had no history of pelvic or hips’ related symptoms or fractures in femur or pelvis. Images’ reports were reviewed to exclude those with tumors in the femur or pelvic bones. A total of 81 patients was included with 51% of them were males. The mean of age was 10.38± 3.96. CEA was measured using Wiberg technique, means of CEA were 33.71±6.53 and 36.50±7.39 for males and
C. Difficile infections in elderly patients with hip fractures is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Antibiotic regimens with penicillin and its derivatives is a leading cause. Antibiotic prophylactic preferences vary across different hospitals within NHS. We compared two antibiotic prophylactic regimens - Cefuroxime only prophylaxis and Teicoplanin with Gentamicin prophylaxis in fracture neck of femur surgery, and evaluated the incidence of C. Difficile diarrhea and Surgical Site Infection (SSI). To assess the Surgical Site Infection and C. Difficile infection rate associated with different regimens of antibiotics prophylaxis in fracture neck of femur surgery. Data was analyzed retrospectively. Neck of femur fracture patients treated surgically from 2009 in our unit were included. Age, gender, co morbidities, type of fracture, operation, ASA grade was collected. 1242 patients received Cefuroxime only prophylaxis between January 2009 and December 2012 (Group 1) and 486 patients received Teicoplanin with Gentamicin between October 2015 and March 2017 (Group 2). There were 353 males and 889
Neoangiogenesis drives the replacement of mineralised cartilage by trabecular bone during bone growth regulated by molecules like e.g. VEGF, OPG and RANKL. The Heparan sulfate proteoglycan Syndecan-1 (Sdc1) plays a role in the interaction of osteoclasts and osteoblasts and the development of blood vessels. We expected Sdc1 to have an influence on bone structure and vessel development. Therefore, bone structure and angiogenesis at the growth plate in mice was compared and the influence of Syndecan-1 deficiency was characterised. Animals: Femura of male and
It is known that the gait dynamics of elderly substantially differs from that of young people. However, it has not been well studied how this age-related gait dynamics affects the knee biomechanics, e.g., cartilage mechanical response. In this study, we investigated how aging affects knee biomechanics in a
Patients with bone and muscle weakness from disuse have higher risk of fracture and worse post-injury mortality rates. The goal of this current study was to better inform post-fracture rehabilitation strategies by investigating if physical remobilization following disuse by hindlimb unloading improves osteochondral callus formation compared to continued disuse by hindlimb suspension (HLS). We hypothesized that continued HLS would impair callus bone and cartilage formation and that physical rehabilitation after HLS would increase callus properties. All animal procedures were approved by the VCU IACUC. Skeletally mature, male and
Intraoperative fractures although rare are one of the complications known to occur while performing a total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, due to lower incidence rates there is currently a gap in this area of literature that systematically reviews this important issue of complications associated with THA. Method: We looked into Electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the archives of meetings of orthopaedic associations and the bibliographies of included articles and asked experts to identify prospective studies, published in any language that evaluated intra-operative fractures occurring during total hip arthroplasty from the year 1950-2020. The screening, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out by two researchers and if there was any discrepancy, a third reviewer was involved. Fourteen studies were identified. The reported range of occurrence of fracture while performing hip replacement surgery was found to be 0.4-7.6%. Major risk factors identified were surgical approaches, Elderly age, less Metaphyseal-Diaphyseal Index score, change in resistance while insertion of the femur implants, inexperienced surgeons, uncemented femoral components, use of monoblock elliptical components, implantation of the acetabular components, patients with ankylosing spondylitis,
To compare the efficacy of intra-articular and intravenous modes of administration of tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty in terms of blood loss and fall in haemoglobin level. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Duration of Study: Six months, from May 2019 to Nov 2019. Seventy-eight patients were included in the study. All patients undergoing unilateral primary total knee replacement were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were patients with hepatitis B and C, history of previous knee replacement, bilateral total knee replacement, allergy to TXA, Hb less than 11g/dl in males and less than 10g/dl in
Wearable inertial sensors can detect abnormal gait associated with knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA). However, few studies have compared sensor-derived gait parameters between patients with hip and knee OA or evaluated the efficacy of sensors suitable for remote monitoring in distinguishing between the two. Hence, our study seeks to examine the differences in accelerations captured by low-frequency wearable sensors in patients with knee and hip OA and classify their gait patterns. We included patients with unilateral hip and knee OA. Gait analysis was conducted using an accelerometer ipsilateral with the affected joint on the lateral distal thighs. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to compare acceleration signals. The k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithm was trained on 80% of the signals' Fourier coefficients and validated on the remaining 20% using 10-fold cross-validation to classify the gait patterns into hip and knee OA. We included 42 hip OA patients (19