The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and patterns of neuropathic pain over one year in a cohort of patients with chronic post-surgical pain at three months following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Between 2016 and 2019, 363 patients with troublesome pain, defined as a score of ≤ 14 on the Oxford Knee Score pain subscale, three months after TKA from eight UK NHS hospitals, were recruited into the Support and Treatment After Replacement (STAR) clinical trial. Self-reported neuropathic pain and postoperative pain was assessed at three, nine, and 15 months after surgery using the painDETECT and Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaires collected by postal survey.Aims
Methods
Abstract. Introduction. Recent research has questioned the role of arthroscopic meniscectomy in patients with a meniscal tear leading to the development of treatment recommendations for these patients. There is a clear need to understand patient perceptions of living with a meniscal tear in order to plan future research and treatment guidelines. Aims. To explore the experiences and expectations of treatment of young patients with a meniscal tear of the knee. Methodology. Ten participants diagnosed with a meniscal tear were recruited from the METRO cohort study using a purposive sampling strategy. These patients underwent semi-sructured interviews between April and May 2021. Thematic analysis was used to code the transcripts and generate key themes in order to describe the data. Results. Themes identified relate to the broad areas of: the effect of symptoms, the expericne of the clinical consultation and the experience of the treatment modality undertaken. Meniscal tears have a profound impact on pain and many patients experience effects on their family and financial life in addition to physical symptoms. Participants expected the majority of their management to occur in secondary care and most thought surgery would be a definitive treatment, while the effectiveness of physiotherapy could not be guaranteed as it would not fix the physical tear. Conclusion. Patient experience of meniscal tear may not correspond with current available clinical evidence.
Introduction. Up to 15 % of patients report anterior knee pain (AKP) after a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The correlation of radiographic patellar measurements and post-operative AKP remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether any radiographic measurements can predict anterior knee pain after TKA. Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of data on 343 patients who underwent a primary unilateral TKA between 2009–2012 at a single institution. Post-operative radiographs were evaluated with standing anteroposterior, lateral, and merchant views. Radiographic assessment was performed to assess posterior offset, Insall Salvati ratio, Blackburne, PP angle, Patella thickness, Congruence angle, Patella tilt, and patella displacement. Clinical function was assessed by the Kujala anterior knee pain scale at a minimum of 5 years. Patients were asked if they currently had anterior knee pain post-operatively by responding “yes” or “no.” There were 264 females and 79 males; the mean age at surgery was 64.2 ± 9.7 (range, 42–92 years) years; the mean BMI 31±5.8 kg/m. 2. (range, 18.8–49 kg/m. 2. ). Results. Of the 343 patients, 46 patients (13.4%) patients suffered persistent AKP at a minimum 5 years follow-up. Radiographic measurements were performed. Although we had large variations in congruence angle, patellar tilt and patellar displacement, these variations had no correlation with anterior knee pain (p=0.885). We were not able to detect statistical significance among clinical outcome Kujala score and patient reported AKP (p=0.713) at minimum 5 year follow-up. Discussion. Persistent anterior knee pain is troubling to patients and surgeons.
This study assessed the effect of concomitant
back pain on the Oxford knee score (OKS), Short-Form (SF)-12 and patient
satisfaction after total knee replacement (TKR). It involved a prospectively
compiled database of demographics and outcome scores for 2392 patients
undergoing primary TKR, of whom 829 patients (35%) reported back
pain. Compared with those patients without back pain, those with
back pain were more likely to be female (odds ratio (OR) 1.5 (95%
confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 1.8)), have a greater level of comorbidity,
a worse pre-operative OKS (2.3 points (95% CI 1.7 to 3.0)) and worse
SF-12 physical (2.0 points (95% CI 1.4 to 2.6)) and mental (3.3
points (95% CI 2.3 to 4.3)) components. One year post-operatively, those with back pain had significantly
worse outcome scores than those without with a mean difference in
the OKS of 5 points (95% CI 3.8 to 5.4), in the SF-12 physical component
of 6 points (95% CI 5.4 to 7.1) and in the mental component of
4 points (95% CI 3.1 to 4.9). Patients with back pain were less
likely to be satisfied (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.78). After adjusting for confounding variables, concomitant back pain
was an independent predictor of a worse post-operative OKS, and
of dissatisfaction.
Debate remains whether the patella should be resurfaced during total knee replacement (TKR). For non-resurfaced TKRs, we estimated what the revision rate would have been if the patella had been resurfaced, and examined the risk of re-revision following secondary patellar resurfacing. A retrospective observational study of the National Joint Registry (NJR) was performed. All primary TKRs for osteoarthritis alone performed between 1 April 2003 and 31 December 2016 were eligible (n = 842,072). Patellar resurfacing during TKR was performed in 36% (n = 305,844). The primary outcome was all-cause revision surgery. Secondary outcomes were the number of excess all-cause revisions associated with using TKRs without (versus with) patellar resurfacing, and the risk of re-revision after secondary patellar resurfacing.Aims
Methods
Modern total knee arthroplasty (TKA) prostheses are designed to restore near normal kinematics including high flexion. Kneeling is a high flexion, kinematically demanding activity after TKA. The debate about design choice has not yet been informed by six-degrees-of-freedom in vivo kinematics. This prospective randomized clinical trial compared kneeling kinematics in three TKA designs. In total, 68 patients were randomized to either a posterior stabilized (PS-FB), cruciate-retaining (CR-FB), or rotating platform (CR-RP) design. Of these patients, 64 completed a minimum one year follow-up. Patients completed full-flexion kneeling while being imaged using single-plane fluoroscopy. Kinematics were calculated by registering the 3D implant models onto 2D-dynamic fluoroscopic images and exported for analysis.Aims
Methods
The purpose of this study was to develop a personalized outcome prediction tool, to be used with knee arthroplasty patients, that predicts outcomes (lengths of stay (LOS), 90 day readmission, and one-year patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) on an individual basis and allows for dynamic modifiable risk factors. Data were prospectively collected on all patients who underwent total or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty at a between July 2015 and June 2018. Cohort 1 (n = 5,958) was utilized to develop models for LOS and 90 day readmission. Cohort 2 (n = 2,391, surgery date 2015 to 2017) was utilized to develop models for one-year improvements in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) pain score, KOOS function score, and KOOS quality of life (QOL) score. Model accuracies within the imputed data set were assessed through cross-validation with root mean square errors (RMSEs) and mean absolute errors (MAEs) for the LOS and PROMs models, and the index of prediction accuracy (IPA), and area under the curve (AUC) for the readmission models. Model accuracies in new patient data sets were assessed with AUC.Aims
Methods
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the congruency of the articular surface contact area of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) during both active and passive movement of the knee with the use of an MRI mapping technique in both the stable and unstable PFJ. A prospective case-control MRI imaging study of patients with a history of PFJ instability and a control group of volunteers without knee symptoms was performed. The PFJs were imaged with the use of an MRI scan during both passive and active movement from 0° through to 40° of flexion. The congruency through measurement of the contact surface area was mapped in 5-mm intervals on axial slices. In all, 40 patients were studied. The case group included 31 patients with symptomatic patellofemoral instability and the control group of nine asymptomatic volunteers. The ages were well matched between the case and control groups. The mean age was 25 years (16 to 42; Aims
Patients and Methods
Accurate, reproducible outcome measures are essential
for the evaluation of any orthopaedic procedure, in both clinical
practice and research. Commonly used patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have
drawbacks such as ‘floor’ and ‘ceiling’ effects, limitations of
worldwide adaptability and an inability to distinguish pain from
function. They are also unable to measure the true outcome of an
intervention rather than a patient’s perception of that outcome. Performance-based functional outcome tools may address these
problems. It is important that both clinicians and researchers are
aware of these measures when dealing with high-demand patients,
using a new intervention or implant, or testing a new rehabilitation
protocol. This article provides an overview of some of the clinically-validated
performance-based functional outcome tools used in the assessment
of patients undergoing hip and knee surgery. Cite this article:
We retrospectively reviewed 30 two-stage revision
procedures in 28 patients performed for fungal peri-prosthetic joint
infection (PJI) after a primary total knee replacement. Patients were
followed for at least two years or until the infection recurred.
The mean follow-up for patients who remained free of infection was
4.3 years (2.3 to 6.1). Overall, 17 patients were assessed as American
Society of Anesthesiologists grade 3 or 4. The surgical protocol included
removal of the infected implant, vigorous debridement and insertion
of an articulating cement spacer. This was followed by at least
six weeks of antimicrobial treatment and delayed reimplantation
in all patients. The mean interval between removal of the prosthesis
and reimplantation was 9.5 weeks (6 to 24). After reimplantation,
patients took antifungal agents orally for a maximum of six months. Fungal PJIs can be treated successfully by removal of all infected
material, appropriate antimicrobial treatment and delayed reimplantation.
We describe the influence of the angle of immobilisation during partial weight-bearing on the forces across the extensor mechanism of the knee. Gait analysis was performed on eight healthy male subjects with the right knee in an orthotic brace locked at 0°, 10°, 20° and 30°, with the brace unlocked and also without a brace. The ground reaction force, the angle of the knee and the net external flexion movement about the knee were measured and the extensor mechanism force was calculated. The results showed a direct non-linear relationship between the angle of knee flexion and the extensor mechanism force. When a brace was applied, the lowest forces occurred when the brace was locked at 0°. At 30° the forces approached the failure strength of some fixation devices. We recommend that for potentially unstable injuries of the extensor mechanism, when mobilising with partial weight-bearing, the knee should be flexed at no more than 10°.
