Aims. Hand trauma, consisting of injuries to both the hand and the wrist, are a common injury seen worldwide. The global age-standardized incidence of hand trauma exceeds 179 per 100,000. Hand trauma may require surgical management and therefore result in significant costs to both healthcare systems and society. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common following all surgical interventions, and within hand surgery the risk of SSI is at least 5%. SSI following hand trauma surgery results in significant costs to healthcare systems with estimations of over £450 per patient. The World Health Organization (WHO) have produced international guidelines to help prevent SSIs. However, it is unclear what variability exists in the adherence to these guidelines within hand trauma. The aim is to assess compliance to the WHO global guidelines in prevention of SSI in hand trauma. Methods. This will be an international, multicentre audit comparing antimicrobial practices in hand trauma to the standards outlined by WHO. Through the Reconstructive Surgery Trials Network (RSTN), hand surgeons across the globe will be invited to participate in the study. Consultant surgeons/associate specialists managing hand trauma and members of the multidisciplinary team will be identified at participating sites. Teams will be asked to collect data prospectively on a minimum of 20 consecutive patients. The audit will run for eight months. Data collected will include injury details, initial management, hand trauma team management, operation details, postoperative care, and antimicrobial techniques used throughout. Adherence to WHO global guidelines for SSI will be summarized using descriptive statistics across each criteria. Discussion. The Hand and Wrist trauma: Antimicrobials and Infection Audit of Clinical Practice (HAWAII ACP) will provide an understanding of the current antimicrobial practice in hand trauma surgery. This will then provide a basis to guide further research in the field. The findings of this study will be disseminated via conference presentations and a peer-reviewed publication. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(4):361–366

Aims

Hand trauma accounts for one in five of emergency department attendances, with a UK incidence of over five million injuries/year and 250,000 operations/year. Surgical site infection (SSI) in hand trauma surgery leads to further interventions, poor outcomes, and prolonged recovery, but has been poorly researched. Antimicrobial sutures have been recognized by both the World Health Organization and the National Institute for Clinical Excellence as potentially effective for reducing SSI. They have never been studied in hand trauma surgery: a completely different patient group and clinical pathway to previous randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of these sutures. Antimicrobial sutures are expensive, and further research in hand trauma is warranted before they become standard of care. The aim of this protocol is to conduct a feasibility study of antimicrobial sutures in patients undergoing hand trauma surgery to establish acceptability, compliance, and retention for a definitive trial.

Demineralised dentine matrix (DDM) contains a myriad of growth factors and matrix proteoglycans, the bioactivity of which can utilised in dental restorations and bone augmentations. This study aimed to develop a novel antimicrobial, bioactive dental cement to promote reparative dentinogenesis and prevent infections, improving the longevity of current dental restorations.

Nanocarriers containing DDM (extracted from non-carious dentine; 1–100 μg/mL), and triclosan (300 μg/mL) were made. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were treated with DDM nanocarriers (10 ng/mL-100 μg/mL) for 3, 9, 21 and 35 days. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by cell counts, Caspase-Glo 3/7 (Promega) and MTT assays. qRT-PCR was used to examine the expression of osteogenic markers runx2 and osteocalcin at days 3, 9 and 21. A transwell chemotaxis/ migration assay was used to assess the ability of DDM nanoparticles to recruit hDPSC progenitors. Triclosan nanocarriers were tested using growth curves and zones of inhibitions for S. Anginosus and E. Faecalis. SEM and biomechanical testing was carried out on Vitremer (Henry Schein) dental cements containing loaded and empty nanocarriers.

DDM nanocarriers were able to significantly recruit hDPSCs and induce the expression of osteogenic markers in hDPSCs after 9 days. DDM Nanocarriers had no effect on cell proliferation or survival. Triclosan nanocarriers were able to inhibit the growth of S. Anginosus and E. Faecalis. Nanocarriers had limited effect on the biomechanical integrity of Vitremer cements.

Nanocarriers successfully delivered DDM to hDPSC, promoting their in vitro recruitment and osteogenic differentiation, and triclosan to endodontic bacteria inhibiting their growth. The nanocarriers were incorporated into cements with minimal physical artefacts, therefore a novel antimicrobial, bioactive dental cement was produced, which could be a useful tool for dental tissue engineering.