Background/Purpose. Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) has shown reduced wear rates as compared to conventional polyethylene, but the long-term effect of this on the incidence of osteolysis remains unclear. In addition, the measurement of osteolysis on plain radiographs can underestimate the incidence and extent of osteolysis. Therefore, we evaluated the wear rate, incidence and volume of osteolysis at a minimum follow-up of ten years using
Three-dimensional CT was used to examine the atlantoaxial joint of a nine-year-old girl who presented with fixed rotation of the head 3.5 months after an apparently spontaneous acute torticollis. The method provided clear, anatomical images to show the site, extent and direction of the type-I rotatory fixation (Fielding and Hawkins 1977). The 3-D reconstructions helped to guide manipulation which was successful in this late case.
We evaluated (1) wear rate, (2) prevalence and volume of osteolysis using 3D-CT scan, (3) other bearing-related complications, (4) HHS and survivorship free from revision at 15 years after THA using first-generation XLPE (1G XLPE). One-hundred sixty THAs were evaluated regarding bearing-related complication, HHS and survivorship. Among them, 112 hips underwent 3D-CT to analyze wear rate and osteolysis. All THAs were performed by single surgeon using cup of identical design, a 28-mm metal head and 1G XLPE (10 Mrad). Average age were 57 years and mean follow-up was 15.2 years. 3D-CT scan was performed at average of 13.0 years. Clinical evaluation included HHS and radiographic analysis was performed regarding stem alignment, cup anteversion and inclination angle, component stability, wear rate and osteolysis. Wear was measured using digital software. The prevalence and volume of osteolysis were also evaluated. Complications included XLPE dissociation/rim fracture, dislocation, periprosthetic fracture, infection, HO and any revision. Survivorship free from revision at 15 years was estimated. Average inclination and anteversion angle of cups were 40.7° and 20.6°. Mean stem alignment was 0.1° valgus. Average bedding-in and annual wear rate wear rate was 0.085 mm and 0.025 mm/yr. Eleven hips (10%) demonstrated osteolysis; pelvic osteolysis with average volume of 1.4 cm3 in six and femoral osteolysis with mean size of 0.4 cm2 in seven hips. Of 160 THAs, 5 hips (3%) dislocated. Overall, bearing-related complications occurred in 16 hips (10%). Other complications included postoperative periprosthetic fracture in 4 (3%), infection and HO in 3 hips, respectively. No hip demonstrated loosening, XLPE rim fracture/dissociation. Seven THAs (4%) were revised; recurrent dislocation in 5 and periprosthetic joint infection in 2 hips. Average HHS at last follow-up improved from 47.7 preoperatively to 91.2 points (p<0.001). Estimated survivorship free from revision at 15 years was 95.6 %. THA using 1G XLPE demonstrated low wear rate as well as low incidence of osteolysis at average follow-up of fifteen years. Longer-term studies will be necessary to determine if XLPE will continue to demonstrate this improved osteolysis characteristics.
Posterior column plating through the single anterior approach reduces the morbidity in acetabular fractures that require stabilization of both the columns. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of posterior column plating through the anterior intrapelvic approach (AIP) in the management of acetabular fractures. We retrospectively reviewed the data from R G Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India, from June 2018 to April 2023. Overall, there were 34 acetabulum fractures involving both columns managed by medial buttress plating of posterior column. The posterior column of the acetabular fracture was fixed through the AIP approach with buttress plate on medial surface of posterior column. Mean follow-up was 25 months (13 to 58). Accuracy of reduction and effectiveness of this technique were measured by assessing the Merle d’Aubigné score and Matta’s radiological grading at one year and at latest follow-up.Aims
Methods
Low-energy distal radius fractures (DRFs) are the most common upper arm fractures correlated with bone fragility. Vitamin D deficiency is an important risk factor associated with DRFs. However, the relationship between DRF severity and vitamin D deficiency is not elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the correlation between DRF severity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level, which is an indicator of vitamin D deficiency. This multicentre retrospective observational study enrolled 122 female patients aged over 45 years with DRFs with extension deformity. DRF severity was assessed by three independent examiners using 3D CT. Moreover, it was categorized based on the AO classification, and the degree of articular and volar cortex comminution was evaluated. Articular comminution was defined as an articular fragment involving three or more fragments, and volar cortex comminution as a fracture in the volar cortex of the distal fragment. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level, bone metabolic markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, hip, and wrist were evaluated six months after injury. According to DRF severity, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D level, parameters correlated with bone metabolism, and BMD was compared.Aims
Methods
Tightrope fixation is known method for reconstructing acromioclavicular joint and the presence of good bone stock around the two drillholes is the most important determining factor for preventing failure. Arthroscopic-assisted tightrope stabilisation involve drilling clavicle and coracoids in a straight line. This leads to eccentric drillholes with inadequate bone around it. Open tightrope fixation involves drilling holes under direct vision, independently and leading to centric hole with adequate bone around it. Our study assesses the hypothesis of tightrope fixation in relation to location of drillholes using CT-scan and cadaveric models for arthroscopic and open technique for ACJ fixation. CT-scans of 20 shoulders performed. Special software used to draw straight line from distal end of clavicle to coracoid. Bone volume around coracoid drillhole was calculated. Cadaveric shoulder specimens were dissected. The arthroscopic technique was performed under vision by drilling both clavicle and base of coracoid holes in one direction. Same specimens were used for open technique. Base of coracoid crossectioned and volume calculated.Aim
Methods
The aim of this study was to describe a quantitative 3D CT method to measure rotator cuff muscle volume, atrophy, and balance in healthy controls and in three pathological shoulder cohorts. In all, 102 CT scans were included in the analysis: 46 healthy, 21 cuff tear arthropathy (CTA), 18 irreparable rotator cuff tear (IRCT), and 17 primary osteoarthritis (OA). The four rotator cuff muscles were manually segmented and their volume, including intramuscular fat, was calculated. The normalized volume (NV) of each muscle was calculated by dividing muscle volume to the patient’s scapular bone volume. Muscle volume and percentage of muscle atrophy were compared between muscles and between cohorts.Aims
Methods
Aims. This study aims to describe a new method that may be used as a supplement to evaluate humeral rotational alignment during intramedullary nail (IMN) insertion using the profile of the perpendicular peak of the greater tuberosity and its relation to the transepicondylar axis. We called this angle the greater tuberosity version angle (GTVA). Methods. This study analyzed 506 cadaveric humeri of adult patients. All humeri were CT scanned using 0.625 × 0.625 × 0.625 mm cubic voxels. The images acquired were used to generate 3D surface models of the humerus. Next, 3D landmarks were automatically calculated on each 3D bone using custom-written C++ software. The anatomical landmarks analyzed were the transepicondylar axis, the humerus anatomical axis, and the peak of the perpendicular axis of the greater tuberosity. Lastly, the angle between the transepicondylar axis and the greater tuberosity axis was calculated and defined as the GTVA. Results. The value of GTVA was 20.9° (SD 4.7°) (95% CI 20.47° to 21.3°). Results of analysis of variance revealed that females had a statistically significant larger angle of 21.95° (SD 4.49°) compared to males, which were found to be 20.49° (SD 4.8°) (p = 0.001). Conclusion. This study identified a consistent relationship between palpable anatomical landmarks, enhancing IMN accuracy by utilizing
Glenoid baseplate orientation in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) influences clinical outcomes, complications, and failure rates. Novel technologies have been produced to decrease performance heterogeneity of low and high-volume surgeons. This study aimed to determine novice and experienced shoulder surgeon's ability to accurately characterise glenoid component orientation in an intra-operative scenario. Glenoid baseplates were implanted in eight fresh frozen cadavers by novice surgical trainees. Glenoid baseplate version, inclination, augment rotation, and superior-inferior centre of rotation (COR) offset were then measured using in-person visual assessments by novice and experienced shoulder surgeons immediately after implantation. Glenoid orientation parameters were then measured using
Aims. The purpose of this study was to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) for fracture detection, classification, and identification of greater tuberosity displacement ≥ 1 cm, neck-shaft angle (NSA) ≤ 100°, shaft translation, and articular fracture involvement, on plain radiographs. Methods. The CNN was trained and tested on radiographs sourced from 11 hospitals in Australia and externally validated on radiographs from the Netherlands. Each radiograph was paired with corresponding CT scans to serve as the reference standard based on dual independent evaluation by trained researchers and attending orthopaedic surgeons. Presence of a fracture, classification (non- to minimally displaced; two-part, multipart, and glenohumeral dislocation), and four characteristics were determined on 2D and
Abstract. Introduction. Recurrent groin pain following periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a challenging problem. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the position and dynamics of the psoas tendon as a potential cause for recurrent groin pain following PAO. Methods. Patients with recurrent groin pain following PAO were identified from a single surgeon series. A total of 13 patients with 18 hips (4.7%) out of a 386 PAO, had recurrent groin pain. Muscle path of the psoas tendon was accurately represented using 3D models from CT data were created with Mimics software. A validated discrete element model using rigid body springs was used to predict psoas tendon movement during hip circumduction and walking. Results. Five out of the 18 hips did not show any malformations at the osteotomy site. Thirteen hips (72%) showed malformation secondary to callus at the superior pubic ramus. These were classified into: osteophytes at the osteotomy site, hypertrophic callus or non-union and malunion at the osteotomy. Mean minimal distance of the psoas tendon to osteophytes was found to be 6.24 mm (n=6) and to the osteotomy site was 14.18 mm (n=18). Conclusions. Recurrent groin pain after PAO needs a thorough assessment. One need to have a high suspicion of psoas issues as a cause.
Aims. A fracture of the medial tibial plateau is a serious complication of Oxford mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (OUKA). The risk of these fractures is reportedly lower when using components with a longer keel-cortex distance (KCDs). The aim of this study was to examine how slight varus placement of the tibial component might affect the KCDs, and the rate of tibial plateau fracture, in a clinical setting. Methods. This retrospective study included 255 patients who underwent 305 OUKAs with cementless tibial components. There were 52 males and 203 females. Their mean age was 73.1 years (47 to 91), and the mean follow-up was 1.9 years (1.0 to 2.0). In 217 knees in 187 patients in the conventional group, tibial cuts were made orthogonally to the tibial axis. The varus group included 88 knees in 68 patients, and tibial cuts were made slightly varus using a new osteotomy guide. Anterior and posterior KCDs and the origins of fracture lines were assessed using
Aims. This study aimed to answer the following questions: do 3D-printed models lead to a more accurate recognition of the pattern of complex fractures of the elbow?; do 3D-printed models lead to a more reliable recognition of the pattern of these injuries?; and do junior surgeons benefit more from 3D-printed models than senior surgeons?. Methods. A total of 15 orthopaedic trauma surgeons (seven juniors, eight seniors) evaluated 20 complex elbow fractures for their overall pattern (i.e. varus posterior medial rotational injury, terrible triad injury, radial head fracture with posterolateral dislocation, anterior (trans-)olecranon fracture-dislocation, posterior (trans-)olecranon fracture-dislocation) and their specific characteristics. First, fractures were assessed based on radiographs and 2D and
Introduction: Reversed prostheses implantation requires screwing of the glenoid component with prefixed angles. This study is to determine anatomical angles of scapula that take part in reversed prostheses implantation. Material and method: Seventy-three
Background: Complex fractures of the tibial plateau can be difficult to characterize on plain radiographs and two-dimensional computed tomography scans. We tested the hypothesis that
Purpose. Patients with acetabular dysplasia demonstrate altered biomechanics during gate and other activities. We hypothesized that these patients exhibit a compensatory increase in the anterior pelvic tilt during gait. Materials & Methods. Twelve patients were included in this prospective radiographic and gait analysis study prior to the PAO. All were women. The mean age was 27 years (+/− 8 yrs). Tonnis grade was zero in nine, and one in three hips. All patients performed multiple one-minute walking trials on the level, the incline, and the decline treadmill surfaces in an optical motion capture lab. Anterior pelvic tilt is reported in (+), while the posterior pelvic tilt is reported in (–) values. Results. Radiographic Data. : The mean alpha angle measured from the Dunn and the frog lateral images was 63.0º±17.4, and 54.7º±16.4, respectively. The mean LCEA was 14.9°±6.1, and the mean anterior center edge angle was 18.3°±8.9. the mean acetabular version at 1, 2, and 3 o'clock were 12.1°±11.6, 29.2°±9.9, and 23.3°±7.4, respectively. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for these measurements were 0.934, 0.895, and 0.971, respectively. The mean femoral anteversion, as measured on the
Hypothesis. Recent advances in understanding of ACL insertional anatomy has led to new concepts of anatomical positioning of tunnels for ACL reconstruction. Femoral tunnel position has been defined in terms of the lateral intercondylar ridge and the bifurcate ridge but these can be difficult to identify at surgery. Measurements of the lateral wall either using C-arm x-ray control or specific arthroscopic rulers have also been advocated. Method. 30 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction before and after introduction of a new anatomical technique of ACL reconstruction were evaluated using
We evaluated the geometry of the resected femoral surface according to the theory for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using
We present an analysis of manual and computer-assisted preoperative pedicle screw placement planning. Preoperative planning of 256 pedicle screws was performed manually twice by two experienced spine surgeons (M1 and M2) and automatically once by a computer-assisted method (C) on
Background. This study was conducted to assess the clinical and radiologic results of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with an allogenic bone graft using varus-valgus constrained (VVC) prostheses in knees with severe bone defects and unstable neuropathy. Methods. This study included 20 knees of 16 patients who underwent TKA between August 2001 and January 2006 due to unstable knees with severe bone destruction resulting from neuropathic arthritis. At the time of surgery, the mean age of the patients was 56 years. The mean length of the follow-up period was 10.7 years. A VVC condylar prosthesis was used with an allogenic femoral head graft to reconstruct large bony defects. Clinical results were evaluated using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), Knee Society (KS) function, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) scores.