Introduction

Inspired by mussel-adhesion phenomena in nature can integrate inorganic hydroxyapatite crystals within versatile materials. This is a simple, aqueous, two-step functionalization approach, called polydopamine-assisted hydroxyapatite formation (pHAF), that consists of i) the chemical activation of material surfaces via polydopamine coating and ii) the growth of hydroxyapatite in a simulated body fluid (SBF). We presumed polydopamine coating on the surface of titanium alloy would improve the ability of cementless stems to osseointegrate. We therefore compared the in vitro ability of cells to adhere to polydopamine coated Ti alloy and machined Ti alloy.