Aims. The aim of this study was to develop a core outcome set of what to measure in all future clinical research on
Biodegradable implants made from polyglycolic and polylactic acid co-polymers undergo degradation by hydrolysis which results in loss of their mechanical strength. The degradation of 1.5 mm polyglycolide rods (Biofix) was studied after intramedullary and subcutaneous implantation in rabbits. Two weeks after implantation there was a 73% reduction in strength of the intramedullary implants and a 64% reduction in the subcutaneous implants. Polyglycolide implants were compared with Kirschner wires for intramedullary fixation of extra-articular fractures in the hand. In one group of patients fractures were fixed with a 1.5 mm intramedullary rod and in a similar group a Kirschner wire was used. In both a wire loop was added for extra fixation. At six months there was no significant difference between the two groups. There were no allergic reactions to the polyglycolide implants.
The Poole Traction Splint (PTS) is a non-invasive technique that applies dynamic traction to the affected digit using materials readily available in the outpatient department. The primary aim of this study was to document the outcome of the PTS for
Introduction. The Tour de France, commonly recognised and the hardest physical endurance event on the planet, is an iconic cycling competition with a history of ever impressive performances and increasingly notable injuries. This study aims to methodologically catalogue and analyse injuries sustained by professional riders over a span of six years and understand the operative workload created by this prestigious race. (2018–2023). Methods. Data was gathered from multiple publicly available sources, including pro-cycling stats, news articles, team press releases and independent medical reports. Each injury was categorized by year, rider, and injury type. Results. From 2018–2023, there was a significant diversity in both injured body part and mechanism of injury. Of the 124 recorded race ending incidents clavicle fractures accounted 19.4%, laceration/contusions 12.1%, patella fractures 10.5% and elbow fractures 7.3%. Other. notable other body areas undergoing surgical intervention were
Metacarpal fractures represent up to 33% of all
Introduction and Purpose. Metacarpal fractures constitute approximately one third of all
Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the functional effects of microRNA (miR)-214-5p on osteoblastic cells, which might provide a potential role of miR-214-5p in bone fracture healing. Methods. Blood samples were obtained from patients with
The April 2015 Wrist &
Hand Roundup360 looks at: Non-operative
The aims of this study were to describe the epidemiology of metacarpal shaft fractures (MSFs), assess variation in treatment and complications following standard care, document hospital resource use, and explore factors associated with treatment modality. A multicentre, cross-sectional retrospective study of MSFs at six centres in the UK. We collected and analyzed healthcare records, operative notes, and radiographs of adults presenting within ten days of a MSF affecting the second to fifth metacarpal between 1 August 2016 and 31 July 2017. Total emergency department (ED) attendances were used to estimate prevalence.Aims
Methods
The April 2023 Wrist & Hand Roundup360 looks at: MRI-based classification for acute scaphoid injuries: the OxSMART; Deep learning for detection of scaphoid fractures?; Ulnar shortening osteotomy in adolescents; Cost-utility analysis of thumb carpometacarpal resection arthroplasty; Arthritis of the wrist following scaphoid fracture nonunion; Extensor hood injuries in elite boxers; Risk factors for reoperation after flexor tendon repair; Nonoperative versus operative treatment for displaced finger metacarpal shaft fractures.
Triplane ankle fractures are complex injuries typically occurring in children aged between 12 and 15 years. Classic teaching that closure of the physis dictates the overall fracture pattern, based on studies in the 1960s, has not been challenged. The aim of this paper is to analyze whether these injuries correlate with the advancing closure of the physis with age. A fracture mapping study was performed in 83 paediatric patients with a triplane ankle fracture treated in three trauma centres between January 2010 and June 2020. Patients aged younger than 18 years who had CT scans available were included. An independent Paediatric Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeon assessed all CT scans and classified the injuries as n-part triplane fractures. Qualitative analysis of the fracture pattern was performed using the modified Cole fracture mapping technique. The maps were assessed for both patterns and correlation with the closing of the physis until consensus was reached by a panel of six surgeons.Aims
Methods
Hand trauma accounts for one in five of emergency department attendances, with a UK incidence of over five million injuries/year and 250,000 operations/year. Surgical site infection (SSI) in hand trauma surgery leads to further interventions, poor outcomes, and prolonged recovery, but has been poorly researched. Antimicrobial sutures have been recognized by both the World Health Organization and the National Institute for Clinical Excellence as potentially effective for reducing SSI. They have never been studied in hand trauma surgery: a completely different patient group and clinical pathway to previous randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of these sutures. Antimicrobial sutures are expensive, and further research in hand trauma is warranted before they become standard of care. The aim of this protocol is to conduct a feasibility study of antimicrobial sutures in patients undergoing hand trauma surgery to establish acceptability, compliance, and retention for a definitive trial. A two-arm, multicentre feasibility RCT of 116 adult participants with hand and wrist injuries, randomized to either antimicrobial sutures or standard sutures. Study participants and outcome assessors will be blinded to treatment allocation. Outcome measures will be recorded at baseline (preoperatively), 30 days, 90 days, and six months, and will include SSI, patient-reported outcome measures, and return to work.Aims
Methods
There is increasing evidence to support the use of topical antibiotics to prevent surgical site infections. Although previous research suggests a minimal nephrotoxic risk with a single dose of vancomycin powder, fracture patients often require multiple procedures and receive additional doses of topical antibiotics. We aimed to determine if cumulative doses of intrawound vancomycin or tobramycin powder for infection prophylaxis increased the risk of drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) among fracture patients. This cohort study was a secondary analysis of single-centre Program of Randomized Trials to Evaluate Pre-operative Antiseptic Skin Solutions in Orthopaedic Trauma (PREP-IT) trial data. We included patients with a surgically treated appendicular fracture. The primary outcome was drug-induced AKI. The odds of AKI per gram of vancomycin or tobramycin powder were calculated using Bayesian regression models, which adjusted for measured confounders and accounted for the interactive effects of vancomycin and tobramycin.Aims
Methods
Fractures of metacarpals and phalanges are common in hand injuries. The goal of treatment is the immediate mobilization of the fingers and restoration of the hand anatomy thus avoiding contractures of the metacarpo-phalangeal and phalangophalangeal joints and hand dysfunction. The aim of this study is the comparison between two methods of fixation of these fractures. Between 2000–2007, 74 patients who suffered meta-carpophalangeal fractures were treated by K-wires and 62 patients were treated by mini external fixation. Parameters recorded were the operating time, postoperative range of motion, cost and complications. The surgical time was lesser with the use of K-wires, the operative technique much simple and the cost minimum as compared to mini external fixators. The postoperative range of motion was inferior with the external fixation. However, there was no statistical difference between the two groups. 2 patients with the external fixation and 1 patient with K-wires developed pin-track infection. There were 3 failures of fixation in the external fixator group but no failure occurred with the use of K-wires. The majority of the fractures healed within 6 weeks. K-wires seem to be the ideal method of treatment considering the fractures of metacarpals and phalanges. The use of mini external fixation presents many disadvantages and probably is restricted to the treatment of the open and comminuted
We aimed to compare the implant survival, complications, readmissions, and mortality of Vancouver B2 periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) treated with internal fixation with that of B1 PFFs treated with internal fixation and B2 fractures treated with revision arthroplasty. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 112 PFFs, of which 47 (42%) B1 and 27 (24%) B2 PFFs were treated with internal fixation, whereas 38 (34%) B2 fractures underwent revision arthroplasty. Decision to perform internal fixation for B2 PFFs was based on specific radiological (polished femoral components, intact bone-cement interface) and clinical criteria (low-demand patient). Median follow-up was 36.4 months (24 to 60). Implant survival and mortality over time were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Adverse events (measured with a modified Dindo-Clavien classification) and 90-day readmissions were additionally compared between groups.Aims
Methods
Extensor tondon lacerations are much more common than flexor tendon injuries. The outcome of this lesions depends on mamy factors including severity of initial trauma, coexisting lesions, of the hand, site of the laceration, experience of the surgeon, and post operative rehabilitation. The aim of this prospective study was to review our results of primary extensor tendon repair with regard to the zone of injury. During a period of 28 months, 32 patients with open extensor tendon laccerations were repaired by modified kessler technique using 4-0 nonabsorbable suture. After tendon repair, immobilization with a volar splint was applied for 4-weeks and physiotherapy was carried out. Patients were followed–up for a mean of 12 months. we used the 5 extensor tendon zones and results were assesed using Miller’s rating system. Patents with closed tendon ruptures or concomitant
The UK government declared a national lockdown on 23 March 2020 to reduce transmission of COVID-19. This study aims to identify the effect of lockdown on the rates, types, mechanisms, and mortality of musculoskeletal trauma across Scotland. Data for all musculoskeletal trauma requiring operative treatment were collected prospectively from five key orthopaedic units across Scotland during lockdown (23 March 2020 to 28 May 2020). This was compared with data for the same timeframe in 2019 and 2018. Data collected included all cases requiring surgery, injury type, mechanism of injury, and inpatient mortality.Aims
Methods
We conducted a prospective review of patients treated specifically for phalangeal fractures over a period of 6 months. Data was sourced from patient records, Emergency Dept records and theatre records. X-rays were reviewed by the senior authors using the AGFA IMPAX Web1000 v5.1 System. A total of 654 patients presented to our hospital during the study. Of these, 257 (39%) patients were referred to the plastics and hand surgical team on-call. Remaining 397 (61%) patients were seen and treated at the local accident and emergency. Our review identified a patient group of 75 out of 654 (11.5%) patients who required operation. Mechanism of injury: Direct impact: n=60 (80%), Hyperextension n=11 (15%), Hyper-flexion injury n=4 (5%). Mode of injury: sports related, commonly rugby or football: 23 (31%) patients, crush injury 13 (17%), road traffic accident 10 (13%), punching either wall or a fellow human being in 10 (13%), fall 8 (11%), circular saw related injury in 8 (11%). The average patient age for a phalangeal fracture was 37.3 years. 47 (63%) patients were in the age group 20–40 years. The mean age for a phalangeal fracture in males was 35.9 (16–75) years and 42.2 (23–70) years in females. The gender distribution of these patients reveals that 58/75 (77%) patients were males. This indicates that males were at an increased relative risk of 3.4 for sustaining a
The current global pandemic due to COVID-19 is generating significant burden on the health service in the UK. On 23 March 2020, the UK government issued requirements for a national lockdown. The aim of this multicentre study is to gain a greater understanding of the impact lockdown has had on the rates, mechanisms and types of injuries together with their management across a regional trauma service. Data was collected from an adult major trauma centre, paediatric major trauma centre, district general hospital, and a regional hand trauma unit. Data collection included patient demographics, injury mechanism, injury type and treatment required. Time periods studied corresponded with the two weeks leading up to lockdown in the UK, two weeks during lockdown, and the same two-week period in 2019.Aims
Methods
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as key regulators of bone formation, signalling, and repair. Fracture healing is a proliferative physiological process where the body facilitates the repair of a bone fracture. The aim of our study was to explore the effects of microRNA-186 (miR-186) on fracture healing through the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway by binding to Smad family member 6 (SMAD6) in a mouse model of femoral fracture. Microarray analysis was adopted to identify the regulatory miR of SMAD6. 3D micro-CT was performed to assess the bone volume (BV), bone volume fraction (BVF, BV/TV), and bone mineral density (BMD), followed by a biomechanical test for maximum load, maximum radial degrees, elastic radial degrees, and rigidity of the femur. The positive expression of SMAD6 in fracture tissues was measured. Moreover, the miR-186 level, messenger RNA (mRNA) level, and protein levels of SMAD6, BMP-2, and BMP-7 were examined.Objectives
Methods
We performed a prospective, randomised trial to evaluate the outcome after surgery of displaced, unstable fractures of the distal radius. A total of 280 consecutive patients were enrolled in a prospective database and 88 identified who met the inclusion criteria for surgery. They were randomised to receive either bridging external fixation with supplementary Kirschner-wire fixation or volar-locked plating with screws. Both groups were similar in terms of age, gender,
Outcome measures quantifying aspects of health in a precise,
efficient, and user-friendly manner are in demand. Computer adaptive
tests (CATs) may overcome the limitations of established fixed scales
and be more adept at measuring outcomes in trauma. The primary objective
of this review was to gain a comprehensive understanding of the
psychometric properties of CATs compared with fixed-length scales
in the assessment of outcome in patients who have suffered trauma
of the upper limb. Study designs, outcome measures and methodological
quality are defined, along with trends in investigation. A search of multiple electronic databases was undertaken on 1
January 2017 with terms related to “CATs”, “orthopaedics”, “trauma”,
and “anatomical regions”. Studies involving adults suffering trauma
to the upper limb, and undergoing any intervention, were eligible.
Those involving the measurement of outcome with any CATs were included.
Identification, screening, and eligibility were undertaken, followed
by the extraction of data and quality assessment using the Consensus-Based
Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) criteria.
The review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items
for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria and reg istered (PROSPERO: CRD42016053886).Aims
Materials and Methods
A total of 57 patients, aged between 23 and 86 years, with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type 1 nine weeks after an isolated closed fracture of the distal radius, was randomised to receive either serial intravenous regional blockade (IVRB) with 15 mg of guanethidine in 30 ml of 0.5% prilocaine or serial IVRB with 30 ml of normal saline at weekly intervals until the tenderness in their fingers had resolved or they had received a maximum of four IVRBs. The analgesic efficacy was assessed at 24 hours, 48 hours and one week after each procedure by the dolorimetry ratio and verbal pain scores, and at intervals up to six months after the fracture. There was no significant difference in the number of IVRBs administered or in finger tenderness, stiffness or grip strength between the two groups. The guanethidine group experienced more pain in the affected hand (p = 0.025) and at six months had more vasomotor instability (p <
0.0001) compared with the control group. IVRB using guanethidine offers no significant analgesic advantage over a normal saline placebo block in the treatment of early CRPS type 1 of the
To determine whether an early return to sport in professional
Australian Rules Football players after fixation of a non-thumb
metacarpal fracture was safe and effective. A total of 16 patients with a mean age of 25 years (19 to 30)
identified as having a non-thumb metacarpal fracture underwent open
reduction and internal plate and screw fixation. We compared the
players’ professional performance statistics before and after the
injury to determine whether there was any deterioration in their
post-operative performance.Aims
Patients and Methods
Despite biomechanical well established implants and improved operation techniques we still have a too high rate of complications in orthopaedic and trauma surgery like non-union, implant loosening or implant associated infections. The development of bioactive implants could improve the clinical outcome. Growth factors are important regulators of bone metabolism. During fracture healing many growth factors or cytokines were locally released at the facture site. In several studies, different growth factors demonstrated osteoinductive and fracture stimulating properties. In vitro and in vivo studies showed a stimulating effect of Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), Transforming growth factor-A71 (TGF-A71) and Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteo- and chondrogenetic cells. The exact effectiveness and the interaction of these growth factors during fracture healing is not known so far. Further, the local application of these factors for therapeutically use in fracture treatment is still a problem. A biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide)-coating of implants allows the local and controlled release of incorporated growth factors directly at the fracture site. The coated implant serves on the one
To synthesise the literature and perform a meta-analysis detailing
the longitudinal recovery in the first two years following a distal
radius fracture (DRF) managed with volar plate fixation. Three databases were searched to identify relevant articles.
Following eligibility screening and quality assessment, data were
extracted and outcomes were assimilated at the post-operative time
points of interest. A state-of-the-art longitudinal mixed-effects
meta-analysis model was employed to analyse the data.Aims
Materials and Methods
Fracture clinics are often characterised by the referral of large
numbers of unselected patients with minor injuries not requiring
investigation or intervention, long waiting times and recurrent
unnecessary reviews. Our experience had been of an unsustainable
system and we implemented a ‘Trauma Triage Clinic’ (TTC) in order
to rationalise and regulate access to our fracture service. The
British Orthopaedic Association’s guidelines have required a prospective evaluation
of this change of practice, and we report our experience and results. We review the management of all 12 069 patients referred to our
service in the calendar year 2014, with a minimum of one year follow-up
during the calendar year 2015. Aims
Patients and Methods
The August 2013 Children’s orthopaedics Roundup360 looks at: a multilevel approach to equinus gait; whether screening leads to needless intervention; salvage of subcapital slipped epiphysis; growing prostheses for children’s oncology; flexible nailing revisited; ultrasound and the pink pulseless hand; and slipping forearm fractures.
We hypothesised that the use of pulsed electromagnetic
field (PEMF) bone growth stimulation in acute scaphoid fractures
would significantly shorten the time to union and reduce the number
of nonunions in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre
trial. A total of 102 patients (78 male, 24 female; mean age 35
years (18 to 77)) from five different medical centres with a unilateral
undisplaced acute scaphoid fracture were randomly allocated to PEMF
(n = 51) or placebo (n = 51) and assessed with regard to functional
and radiological outcomes (multiplanar reconstructed CT scans) at
6, 9, 12, 24 and 52 weeks. The overall time to clinical and radiological healing
did not differ significantly between the active PEMF group and the
placebo group. We concluded that the addition of PEMF bone growth
stimulation to the conservative treatment of acute scaphoid fractures
does not accelerate bone healing. Cite this article:
Several techniques have been described to reconstruct a mobile wrist joint after resection of the distal radius for tumour. We reviewed our experience of using an osteo-articular allograft to do this in 17 patients with a mean follow-up of 58.9 months (28 to 119). The mean range of movement at the wrist was 56° flexion, 58° extension, 84° supination and 80° pronation. The mean ISOLS-MSTS score was 86% (63% to 97%) and the mean patient-rated wrist evaluation score was 16.5 (3 to 34). There was no local recurrence or distant metastases. The procedure failed in one patient with a fracture of the graft and an arthrodesis was finally required. Union was achieved at the host-graft interface in all except two cases. No patient reported more than modest non-disabling pain and six reported no pain at all. Radiographs showed early degenerative changes at the radiocarpal joint in every patient. A functional pain-free wrist can be restored with an osteo-articular allograft after resection of the distal radius for bone tumour, thereby avoiding the donor site morbidity associated with an autograft. These results may deteriorate with time.
Specific radiological features identified by Brandser and Marsh were selected for the analysis of acetabular fractures according to the classification of Letournel and Judet. The method employs a binary approach that requires the observer to allocate each radiological feature to one of two groups. The inter- and intra-observer variances were assessed. The presence of articular displacement, marginal impaction, incongruity, intra-articular fragments and osteochondral injuries to the femoral head were analysed by a similar method. These factors were termed ‘modifiers’ and are generally considered when planning operative intervention and, critically, they may influence prognosis. Six observers independently assessed 30 sets of plain radiographs and CT scans on two separate occasions, 12 weeks apart. They were asked to determine the presence or absence of specific radiological features. This simple binary approach to classification yields an inter- and intra-observer agreement which ranges from moderate to near-perfect (κ = 0.49 to 0.88 and κ = 0.57 to 0.88, respectively). A similar approach to the modifiers yields only slight to fair inter-observer agreement (κ = 0.20 to 0.34) and slight to moderate intra-observer agreement (κ = 0 to 0.55).
Fractures of the distal radius occurring in young adults are treated increasingly by open surgical techniques, partly because of concern that failure to restore the alignment of the fracture accurately may cause symptomatic post-traumatic osteoarthritis in future years. We reviewed 106 adults who had sustained a fracture of the distal radius between 1960 and 1968 and who were below the age of 40 years at the time of injury. We carried out a clinical and radiological assessment at a mean follow-up of 38 years (33 to 42). No patient had required a salvage procedure. While there was radiological evidence of post-traumatic osteoarthritis after an intra-articular fracture in 68% of patients (27 of 40), the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scores were not different from population norms, and function, as assessed by the Patient Evaluation Measure, was impaired by less than 10%. Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between narrowing of the joint space and extra-articular malunion (dorsal angulation and radial shortening) as well as intra-articular injury. Multivariate analysis revealed that grip strength had fallen to 89% of that of the uninjured side in the presence of dorsal malunion, but no measure of extra-articular malunion was significantly related to either the Patient Evaluation Measure or DASH scores. While anatomical reduction is the principal aim of treatment, imperfect reduction of these fractures may not result in symptomatic arthritis in the long term, and this should be considered when counselling patients on the risks and benefits of the many treatment options available.