The results of the DRAFFT (distal radius acute
fracture fixation trial) study, which compared volar plating with
Kirschner (K-) wire fixation for dorsally displaced fractures of
the distal radius, were published in August 2014. The use of K-wires
to treat these fractures is now increasing, with a concomitant decline
in the use of volar locking plates. We provide a critical appraisal of the DRAFFT study and question
whether surgeons have been unduly influenced by its headline conclusions. Cite this article:
In December 2012 the orthopaedic Hand and wrist unit at Derriford hospital introduced the use of collagenase injections for the treatment of Dupuytrens' contracture, and currently remains the only centre to use it in the southwest peninsula. We present the short term results of our first year of use of the therapy. There was a statistically significant improvement in PEM scores by 1 and 3 months post-treatment (P: 0.0001 and 0.0016 with 95% confidence). Full correction was obtained in 81% of all MCPJ contractures included in the analysis. Success with PIPJ contractures was more limited, however there was still an average correction of 30 degrees achieved. Complications were limited to skin tears, all of which healed at subsequent follow-up, and 2 failures of therapy. We will continue to use this therapy and as experience and expertise build we hope we can improve our outcomes further.
Diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) can be challenging. We explore the role of fracture clinic in diagnosis and management with a closed-loop audit of new guidelines. We retrospectively reviewed patients with CRPS over 3.5 years. We determined the delay from injury to commencement of treatment and monitored symptoms. New guidelines were introduced to fracture clinic in January 2013. The Budapest Criteria aids diagnosis. GAD-7 and PHQ-9 patient questionnaires grade symptoms. Orthopaedic surgeons prescribe nortriptylline or pregabalin, refer to physiotherapy and review patients after six weeks. We re-audited prospectively after implementing these guidelines. The first audit cycle found 11 patients in 3.5 years. The mean delay to anti-neuropathic medication from injury was 4.7 months. Two patients required psychotherapy, one intravenous pamidronate, three inpatient physiotherapy under nerve blocks and two spinal cord stimulators. After implementing guidelines, there were 14 patients with CRPS in 9 months. All but two patients received anti-neuropathic medication on the day of diagnosis. All patients treated appropriately improved markedly within 4–12 weeks. No patients required escalation of treatment. Our guidelines increased pick-up rates of CRPS, diagnoses were made earlier and treatment started sooner. Physiotherapy modalities remained varied, however, early anti-neuropathic treatment led to a rapid improvement in all cases.
We reviewed 42 consecutive children with a supination deformity of the forearm complicating severe birth lesions of the brachial plexus. The overall incidence over the study period was 6.9% (48 of 696). It was absent in those in Narakas group I (27.6) and occurred in 5.7% of group II (13 of 229), 9.6% of group III (11 of 114) and 23.4% of group IV (18 of 77). Concurrent deformities at the shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand were always present because of muscular imbalance from poor recovery of C5 and C7, inconsistent recovery of C8 and T1 and good recovery of C6. Early surgical correction improved the function of the upper limb and hand, but there was a tendency to recurrence. Pronation osteotomy placed the hand in a functional position, and increased the arc of rotation of the forearm. The supination deformity recurred in 40% (17 of 42) of those treated by pronation osteotomy alone, probably because of remodelling of the growing bone. Children should be followed up until skeletal maturity, and the parents counselled on the likelihood of multiple operations.
Surgeons often protect Tendon-bone reconstructions such as rotator cuff repairs by off loading them. We investigated the effect of limb position and boundary conditions in an in-vitro rabbit patella tendon-bone repair model. Patella tendons were repaired back to the tibia in eight hindlimb cadavers with 2 mitek anchors(Mitek, Westwood, MA) and 3-0 Ethibond (Ethicon, Sommerville, NJ) using two techniques, one involving simple sutures and the other involving crossing over between the sutures. A loading mechanism through the patella tendon was constructed using static weights over a pulley mechanism. The contact area and force at the PT-bone interface were measured using a TekScan pressure sensor (6911, TekScan, South Boston, MA). The contact footprint (area and normal force) was acquired under four configurations: (1) knee full extension with interface unloaded, (2) knee 45° flexion with interface unloaded, (3) knee full flexion with interface loaded by limb weight alone, (4) tendon loaded with limb weight and 20N force applied through tendon loading mechanism. The contact area force footprint changed substantially between the different suture techniques and loading configurations. Crossing over of sutures appears to provide an increased and more evenly distributed force across the tendon-bone interface. Repair off-loading was accompanied by a decrease in the contact footprint force and pressure. The force in both suture techniques increased with increasing flexion angle and was substantially increased by both bearing the weight of the dependent limb and by an axial load in the patellar tendon. Off loading a repair may not provide optimal environment for healing.
