Method

We retrospectively included consecutive patients with OIAI caused by Cutibacterium spp. treated at our institution from January 2012 to January 2017. OIAI was diagnosed when: (i) macroscopic purulence, sinus tract or exposed implant was present; (ii) acute inflammation in peri-implant-tissue was documented; (iii) Cutibacterium spp. grew in joint aspirate, ≥2 intraoperative peri-implant tissue samples or in sonication fluid of the removed implant (>50 CFU/ml).