Management of the patella with poor bone stock remains a challenge in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of a novel surgical technique in which widely available wires and acrylic bone cement are used in the reconstruction of a deficient patella. Twenty-eight patients (30 knees) underwent revision TKA in which a deficient patella was treated with an onlay-type prosthesis and bone-augmenting procedure, using transcortical wiring. The technique was indicated when the thickness of remnant patella was less than 8mm with variable amounts of the peripheral rim. The remaining patellar height ranged from 3.2mm to 7.3mm. Follow-up was available for all patients with a mean of 36.6 months (range, 24 to 55 months). The respective mean Knee Society scores for knee and function improved from 34.2 points (range, 18 to 65 points) and 23 points (range, 18 to 46 points) preoperatively to 73.5 points (range, 30 to 88 points) and 61points (range, 34 to 80 points) at final follow-up. The mean thickness of the patellar construct was 14.6mm (range, 12.2 – 18.3mm). One patient experienced patellar fracture during knee flexion one week after surgery. There were no complications associated with implanted hardware. A patellar bone-augmenting procedure using transcortical wiring is a straightforward technique that potentially allows firm fixation. Considering the satisfactory short- to mid-term results, we believe that this technique provides a good alternative option in addressing this challenging problem in revision TKA.
Modern ceramic-on-ceramic bearings have become attractive alternatives to conventional polyethylene due to their low wear and minimal particle production. However, ceramic-on-ceramic implants have been associated with ceramic fracture and squeaking. To address these issues, large ceramic heads with a titanium-alloy sleeve have been introduced although limited data are available on their clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to report the midterm results of primary total hip arthroplasty using a 32mm with a titanium-alloy sleeve. We reviewed 245 patients who had 274 total hip arthroplasties with a 32 mm ceramic head with a titanium-alloy sleeve and had been followed for more than 5 years (average, 6.5 years; range, 5–9 years). The mean patient age at the time of surgery was 55.1 years (range, 16–82 years). All operations were performed at a single center. All of the ceramic implants were hot isostatic pressed, laser-marked, proof-tested third-generation alumina (Fig. 1). We determined the implant survival, Harris hip scores, incidence of ceramic fracture or noisy hips, and presence of osteolysis.Introduction
Materials & Methods
Management of the patella with poor bone stock remains a challenge in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of a novel surgical technique in which widely available wires and acrylic bone cement are used in the reconstruction of a deficient patella. Twenty-eight patients (30 knees) underwent revision TKA in which a deficient patella was treated with an onlay-type prosthesis and bone-augmenting procedure, using transcortical wiring. The technique was indicated when the thickness of remnant patella was less than 8mm with variable amounts of the peripheral rim. The remaining patellar height ranged from 3.2mm to 7.3mm. Follow-up was available for all patients with a mean of 36.6 months (range, 24 to 55 months).Background
Methods
Theoretically, improved material properties of new alumina matrix composite (AMC) material, Delta ceramics, are expected to decrease concerns associated with pure alumina ceramics and allow manufacturing thinner liners and consequent larger heads. However, limited short-term clinical results are available and mid-term results of these effects are unclear. (1) Does AMC material decrease the rate of ceramic fracture and noise, concerns of previous-generation ceramics, following change of material properties? (2) Does the possible use of larger heads consequent to manufacturing thinner liners decrease dislocation rate and affect inguinal pain? (3) Do any other complications associated with the use of AMC ceramics occur?Background
Questions/Purposes
Even a number of studies have reported clinical outcomes after revision total knee arthroplasty (revision TKA), little information is still available on whether outcomes of patients undergoing a revision TKA as a second stage procedure because of infected TKA are poorer than those of the patients undergoing a single-stage revision TKA because of non-infectious causes. In addition, use of various revision prostheses in most previous studies may limit solid interpretation of the outcomes after revision TKA. This study sought to determine whether outcomes in patients undergoing revision TKA due to infected TKA would be different from those in patients undergoing revision TKA due to non-infectious causes. We assessed 71 cases undergoing revision TKAs with use of a same revision system (Scorpio TS®, Stryker, Mahwah, NJ) from October 1999 to February 2012. All patients followed more than two years and mean follow-up period was 67 months (range: 24 – 168 months). Of them, thirty five patients underwent revisions due to infected TKA (group for infected TKA) while 36 patients due to non-infectious causes including loosening, wear, and/or instability (group for non-infected TKA). All patients in the group for infected TKA underwent two-stage revision surgeries while all patients in the group for non-infected TKA single stage revision surgeries. Comparative variables between two groups were preoperative range of motion (ROM) and American knee society (AKS) scores, postoperative ROM and AKS scores assessed at latest follow-up, amount of bone loss and requirement of stem assessed during the surgeries, and survival rate.Introduction
Materials and Methods
Highly cross-linked polyethylene has been introduced to decrease osteolysis secondary to polyethylene wear debris generation, but there are few long-term data on revision total hip arthroplasty using highly cross-linked polyethylene liners. The purpose of this study was to report the long-term radiographic and clinical outcomes of a highly cross-linked polyethylene liner in revision total hip arthroplasty. We analyzed 63 revision total hip arthoplasties that were performed in 63 patients using a highly cross-linked polyethylene liner between April 2000 and February 2005. Of these, nine died and four were lost to follow-up before the end of the 10-year evaluation. Thus, the final study cohort consisted of 50 patients (50 hips). There were 26 males and 24 females with a mean age at time of revision total hip arthoplasty of 53 years (range, 27–75 years). Mean duration of follow-up was 11 years (range, 10–14 years).Introduction
Materials & Methods
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a proven treatment method for advanced knee arthritis in terms of pain relief, function restoration, and quality-of-life improvement. The TKA use has increased significantly over the past decade and the growing rate is more prominent in Asian countries. Thus, the revision TKA may also increase in recent days, which represents a burden to the national health care system. To the best of our knowledge, little information is currently available regarding the incidence and related factors of revision TKA in Asian countries on the basis of nationwide database. This study sought to find the incidence of revision TKA and related factors in South Korea using national database from 2007 to 2012. Data collected by the Health Insurance Review Agency of Korea, from 260,068 TKA patients between 2007 and 2012, were used to estimate the incidence of revision TKA according to age group, gender and hospital TKA and manufacturer prosthesis volume (i.e., the number of TKA procedures carried out at a given hospital, and the number of procedures performed using a given manufacturer's prosthesis, respectively). Age group and hospital and manufacturer volumes were categorized into three groups and TKA incidence rates were computed for groups stratified according to age, gender and hospital and manufacturer volumes.Introduction
Material and Method
3-D Printing with direct metal tooling (DMT) technology was innovatively introduced in the field of surface treatment of prosthesis to improve, moreover to overcome the problems of plasma spray, hopefully resulting in opening the possibility of another page of coating technology. We presumed such modification on the surface of Co-Cr alloy by DMT would improve the ability of Co-Cr alloys to osseointegrate. We compared the in vitro and in vivo ability of cells to adhere to DMT coated Co-Cr alloy to that of two different types of surface modifications: machined and plasma spray(TPS). We performed energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and scanned electron microscopy investigations to assess the structure and morphology of the surfaces. Biologic and morphologic responses to osteoblast cell lines of human were then examined by measuring cell proliferation, cell differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity), and avb3 integrin. The cell proliferation rate, alkaline phosphatase activity, and cell adhesion in the MAO group increased in comparison to those in the machined and grit-blasted groups.Introduction
Method
We sought to determine the 10-year survivorship of single-radius, posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in Asian patients. We also aimed to determine whether the long-term clinical and radiographic results differed between patients with and without patellar resurfacing. This retrospective study included 148 (115 patients) consecutive single-radius, posterior-stabilized TKAs. Ten-year survivorship analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method with additional surgery for any reason as the end-point. Furthermore, long-term clinical and radiographic results of 109 knees (74%; 84 patients) with more than a 10-year follow-up were analyzed. Ten-year survivorship and long-term outcomes after surgery were determined, and outcomes were compared between patients with and without patellar resurfacing.Introduction
Materials and Methods
We describe a single stage arthroscopic procedure for the treatment of articular cartilage defects in the knee. The novel procedure involves microdrilling and application of atellocollagen and fibrin gel. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes at 4 years. A prospective study of 30 patients with symptomatic ICRS grade III/IV chondral defects which were assessed clinically and radiologically. The lesions were located on the MFC, LFC, trochlea or patella, ranging from 2–8cm2. The surgical procedure involved debridement of the lesion, microdrilling and application of atellocollagen and fibrin gel under CO2 insufflation. Patients were clinically assessed using the Lysholm, IKDC and KOOS scores. Radiological assessment used the MOCART score.Introduction
Materials and Methods
We describe a novel single stage arthroscopic repair procedure for articular cartilage defect in the knee. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes at two years. The pre-clinical study involved two groups of New Zealand rabbits, treated with microfracture alone and microfracture combined with fibrin gel and concentrated bone marrow aspirate cells (BMAC) application. New cartilage from both groups was studied with histological staining, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The fibrin gel-BMAC group scored better than the microfracture group on all counts. This is a prospective study of 30 patients with symptomatic ICRS grade III/IV chondral defects, ranging from 2–8 cm2, which were assessed clinically and radiologically. The surgical procedure involved debridement of the lesion, microfracture and arthroscopic application of concentrated BMAC with fibrin gel under CO2 insufflation. Patients underwent morphological MRI, quantitative T2*-mapping and d-GEMRIC scan. Clinical assessment was carried out using the Lysholm, IKDC and KOOS scores while radiological assessment used the MOCART score. At 2 year follow-up, Lysholm score was 80.1, as compared to 50.8 pre-operatively (p < 0.05). KOOS (symptomatic) was 92.1, as compared to 65.7 pre-operatively. IKDC (subjective) was 83, up from 39 preoperatively. The mean T2* relaxation-times for the repair tissue and native cartilage were 29.1 and 29.9 respectively. Average MOCART score for all lesions was 72. Our technique shows encouraging clinical and radiological results. The morphological MRI shows good cartilage defect filling and the biochemical MRI (T2*-mapping) suggests hyaline like repair tissue.
Whole blood metal ion level and clinical outcomes of ceramic-on-metal bearing were comparable to ceramic-on-ceramic THA in this prospective randomized controlled trial. We randomized 150 consecutive THA cases at one institution into two groups: Group I and Group II. Group I, 75 cases, received a THA using ceramic-on-metal couplings and Group II, 75 cases, received ceramic-on-ceramic bearing THA. The implant differed only in the bearing surfaces used. We compared the serum levels of cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) and functional outcome scores preoperatively, and at 2, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.Introduction:
Methods:
The robot-assisted cementless total hip arthroplasty has theoretical advantages of providing better fit and mechanical stability of the stem. However, no previous study has been reported on a short stem implantation using surgical robot. We compared early clinical and radiographic results between robotic milling and manual rasping in short stem total hip arthroplasty. We designed a prospective randomized controlled trial to determine whether robot-assisted short stem total hip arthroplasty improves the implant position represented by stem alignment, leg length equality, and reduces the intraoperative and early postoperative complications. A total of 40 patients were enrolled with informed consents and randomly assigned to robotic milling group (20 hips) and manual rasping group (20 hips) by means of a computer-generated random number table. There were no statistically significant differences in the demographics of the patients between the two groupsIntroduction:
Materials & Methods:
Ceramic head with titanium-alloy sleeve offers a modular ceramic head solution for the damaged taper in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). It can also be used in primary THA to reduce the risk of ceramic head fracture. The purpose of the present study was to report the intermediate-term outcomes of primary ceramic-on-ceramic THA with use of ceramic head with titanium-alloy sleeve. We evaluated 244 patients (271 hips) who had undergone primary ceramic-on-ceramic THA with use of BIOLOX® forte 32 mm ceramic head with titanium-alloy sleeve between November 2005 and August 2009. There were 158 males (175 hips) and 86 female (96 hips) patients with a mean age of 55.5 years. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed at a mean of 4.6 years (range, 2–7 years) postoperatively.Introduction:
Materials & Methods:
The management strategy regarding optimally addressing polyethylene wear with a well-fixed acetabular shell remains controversial. The purpose of the present study was to document outcomes of cementation of a highly cross-linked polyethylene (PE) liner into a well-fixed acetabular metal shell in 36 hips We identified 37 patients (39 hips) who had undergone revision THA by cementation of a highly cross-linked PE liner into a well-fixed metal shell between June 2004 and April 2009. Of these patients, one (1 hip) died before the end of the 3-year evaluation and another was lost to follow-up. Thus, the study cohort consisted of 35 patients (36 hips). There were 23 males (24 hips) and 12 female (12 hips) patients with a mean age at time of revision surgery of 57.6 years (range, 38–79 years). All operations were performed by a single surgeon using only one type of liner. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed at a mean of 6.1 years (range, 3–8 years) postoperatively.Introduction:
Materials & Methods:
Melorheostosis is a very rare mesenchymal dysplasia of bone, characterized by sclerosing hyper-pigmentation appearances on the bone, may involve the adjacent soft tissues and lead to joint pain, limitation of joint motion and stiffness as a result of abnormal ossifications and soft tissue contractures, due to periarticular fibrosis. It is well known to tend to affect only one limb, but multifocal involvement, such as multiple limbs, spine and rib, has been extremely rarely reported. A variety of treatment options have been tried so far, none being specific surgical treatments. Here we present a case of a 43-year-old man who sustained melorheostosis with multifocal involvement including the axial skeleton and a whole entire lower limb. He had painful swelling of his left lower limb and mainly complained of difficulty walking due to severe hip pain and knee stiffness, which persisted for 20 years and was aggravated during the last 5 years. Total hip arthropasty [Fig. 1] was done first, and then total knee arthroplasty [Fig. 2, 3] was performed. During operation, there were difficulties in bone cutting and implant insertion due to mixed pattern of hard sclerotic portion and osteoporotic portion despite complete synovectomy and sufficient soft tissue release. He was eventually free of pain during walking and able to walk without a crutch and joint motion of hip and knee was substantially improved after surgery. We found that hip pain and contracture due to osteoarthritis and knee contracture secondary to multifocal melorheostosis could be successfully treated by total hip and knee arthroplasty. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reporting the total joint arthroplasty performed in the patients with multifocal melorheostosis.
Soft-tissue balancing is crucial in total knee arthroplasty, but proper release of medial collateral ligament is a challenging procedure. It has been well recognized that medial gap tends to be more tight than lateral gap in varus knees after surgery. The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence and predictable factors of medial tibial bone remodeling following navigation-assisted total knee arthroplasty. One hundred and sixty-six consecutive patients (221 knees) who underwent navigation-assisted total knee arthroplasty and followed during a minimum of 1 year were included in this study. Radiographic examination including anteroposterior and lateral view of both knees were performed at a regular follow-up schedules of 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and thereafter, annually after surgery. An independent investigator identified the presence of medial tibial bone remodeling at each follow-up. All information on potential factors affecting medial tibial remodeling were retrieved and classified into 2 types (patient- and surgery-related).Background and Purpose
Materials and methods
Lengthening of the humerus is now an established
technique. We compared the complications of humeral lengthening
with those of femoral lengthening and investigated whether or not
the callus formation in the humerus proceeds at a higher rate than
that in the femur. A total of 24 humeral and 24 femoral lengthenings
were performed on 12 patients with achondroplasia. We measured the
pixel value ratio (PVR) of the lengthened area on radiographs and
each radiograph was analysed for the shape, type and density of
the callus. The quality of life (QOL) of the patients after humeral
lengthening was compared with that prior to surgery. The complication
rate per segment of humerus and femur was 0.87% and 1.37%, respectively.
In the humerus the PVR was significantly higher than that of the
femur. Lower limbs were associated with an increased incidence of
concave, lateral and central callus shapes. Humeral lengthening
had a lower complication rate than lower-limb lengthening, and QOL
increased significantly after humeral lengthening. Callus formation
in the humerus during the distraction period proceeded at a significantly
higher rate than that in the femur. These findings indicate that humeral lengthening has an important
role in the management of patients with achondroplasia.
