Aim. Successful management of native Joint septic arthritis (SA) hinges on the timely initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy coupled with thorough joint debridement. Since 2018 we have implemented a protocol for empirical antibiotic in patients with suspected SA recommending amoxicillin/clavulanate (and cotrimoxazole in cases of beta-lactams allergy) based on local flora. Nevertheless we have recently found that institutional compliance to the protocol is only about 50% and many physicians are still choosing alternative wider spectrum regimens. The aim of this study is to assess whether current clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients treated for this condition justify an update or whether previous recommendations are still valid. Method. All adult patients admitted to our institution with suspected SA between 2018-2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Data was collected from electronic medical records and then compared to similar data previously collected concerning the 2009-2017 period (that served as a basis for the aforementioned protocol). Results. A summary of available data from both time periods can be found in table 1. Overall, among the 35 patients with positive microbiology treated between 2018-2022, amoxicillin/clavulanate is appropriate for 30 (86%) of isolates (vs 88% in historic control). Analysing the whole cohort, we found that previous contact with healthcare services (hospital admission or prolonged ER stay) (p=0.0044) and antibiotic treatment for any infection (p= 0.0213) in the previous six months correlate with resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate. In these patients, the proposed alternative cotrimoxazole is effective in 77% of cases. Conclusions. The institutional guideline for empirical antibiotic therapy in native joint SA remains adequate and there seems to be no justification to deviate from protocol except in cases of patients admitted to the hospital or antibiotic treatment in the previous six months. In these cases methicillin-resistance coverage is probably appropriate. Pseudomonal coverage is seldom required in SA. For any tables or figures, please contact the authors directly

Aim. Suppressive antimicrobial therapy (SAT) is used worldwide for patients with a prosthetic joint infection (PJI but clear definitions or guidelines regarding the indications, antimicrobial strategy or treatment duration are currently lacking in the literature. The aim of this study was to identify the global differences in the clinical practice of SAT for PJI. Method. An online survey was designed to investigate the current opinion on indication and treatment goals, preferred antimicrobial drugs, dosing and treatment duration and follow-up of patients with PJI on suppression. The survey was distributed using e-mail lists of several international bone and joint infection societies and study groups. Recipients were asked to share the survey with colleagues who were not a member of one of the societies but who were involved in PJI care. Results. The questionnaire was fully completed by 330 physicians from 43 different countries on six continents (Europe, n=134, 41%; Oceania n=112, 34%; North America, n=51, 16%; other, n=33, 10%; total response rate 14%). Antimicrobial treatment for PJI was discussed in a multidisciplinary team in Europe (90%), Oceania (42%) and North America (12%). In six of eight (75%) different clinical scenarios, respondents from North America would most often place a patient on SAT. In seven of eight (88%) scenarios, SAT was started least often by European respondents. The presence of a fistula was considered a contra-indication for suppression by 74 respondents (22%). First choices of SAT for staphylococcal PJI were: oral cephalosporins (39%) and tetracyclines (31%) in North America; anti-staphylococcal penicillins (55%) and oral cephalosporins (24%) in Oceania; tetracyclines (27%) and anti-staphylococcal penicillins (22%) in Europe. For streptococcal PJI, most clinicians preferred penicillins (91% in Oceania, 67% in Europe, and 53% in North America). Preferred SAT for gram negative PJI was: fluoroquinolones and a penicillin/betalactamase inhibitor in North America (26% and 18%, respectively) and Oceania (23% and 27%, respectively); fluoroquinolones (31%) and Cotrimoxazole (28%) in Europe. The dosage of SAT was never lowered (n=126, 38%), standardly lowered for all antibiotics (n=79, 24%) or only lowered for specific antibiotics (n=125, 38%). SAT was prescribed for an indefinite duration (n=43, 13%), as fixed duration between six months and three years (n=104, 32%) or for an undetermined prespecified duration (n=154, 47%). Conclusions. Substantial variation in the practice of SAT for PJI exists between physicians worldwide and throughout the different continents. This reflects the paucity of data regarding the indication and treatment of PJI with SAT

Aims

The incidence of limb fractures in patients living with HIV (PLWH) is increasing. However, due to their immunodeficiency status, the operation and rehabilitation of these patients present unique challenges. Currently, it is urgent to establish a standardized perioperative rehabilitation plan based on the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). This study aimed to validate the effectiveness of ERAS in the perioperative period of PLWH with limb fractures.

Aims. This Delphi study assessed the challenges of diagnosing soft-tissue knee injuries (STKIs) in acute settings among orthopaedic healthcare stakeholders. Methods. This modified e-Delphi study consisted of three rounds and involved 32 orthopaedic healthcare stakeholders, including physiotherapists, emergency nurse practitioners, sports medicine physicians, radiologists, orthopaedic registrars, and orthopaedic consultants. The perceived importance of diagnostic components relevant to STKIs included patient and external risk factors, clinical signs and symptoms, special clinical tests, and diagnostic imaging methods. Each round required scoring and ranking various items on a ten-point Likert scale. The items were refined as each round progressed. The study produced rankings of perceived importance across the various diagnostic components. Results. In Round 1, the study revealed widespread variability in stakeholder opinions on diagnostic components of STKIs. Round 2 identified patterns in the perceived importance of specific items within each diagnostic component. Round 3 produced rankings of perceived item importance within each diagnostic component. Noteworthy findings include the challenges associated with accurate and readily available diagnostic methods in acute care settings, the consistent acknowledgment of the importance of adopting a patient-centred approach to diagnosis, and the transition from divergent to convergent opinions between Rounds 2 and 3. Conclusion. This study highlights the potential for a paradigm shift in acute STKI diagnosis, where variability in the understanding of STKI diagnostic components may be addressed by establishing a uniform, evidence-based framework for evaluating these injuries. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(11):984–991

Aims

Day-case success rates after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (mUKA) may vary, and detailed data are needed on causes of not being discharged. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between surgical procedure type and successful day-case surgery, and to analyze causes of not being discharged on the day of surgery when eligible and scheduled for day-case THA, TKA, and mUKA.

Aims

A review of the literature on elbow replacement found no consistency in the clinical outcome measures which are used to assess the effectiveness of interventions. The aim of this study was to define core outcome domains for elbow replacement.

Aims. The aim of this study was to create artificial intelligence (AI) software with the purpose of providing a second opinion to physicians to support distal radius fracture (DRF) detection, and to compare the accuracy of fracture detection of physicians with and without software support. Methods. The dataset consisted of 26,121 anonymized anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral standard view radiographs of the wrist, with and without DRF. The convolutional neural network (CNN) model was trained to detect the presence of a DRF by comparing the radiographs containing a fracture to the inconspicuous ones. A total of 11 physicians (six surgeons in training and five hand surgeons) assessed 200 pairs of randomly selected digital radiographs of the wrist (AP and lateral) for the presence of a DRF. The same images were first evaluated without, and then with, the support of the CNN model, and the diagnostic accuracy of the two methods was compared. Results. At the time of the study, the CNN model showed an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.97. AI assistance improved the physician’s sensitivity (correct fracture detection) from 80% to 87%, and the specificity (correct fracture exclusion) from 91% to 95%. The overall error rate (combined false positive and false negative) was reduced from 14% without AI to 9% with AI. Conclusion. The use of a CNN model as a second opinion can improve the diagnostic accuracy of DRF detection in the study setting. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(10):588–595

This project hoped to evaluate a new role, encompassing an in-hours registrar physician being based on the orthopaedic wards for advice, patient reviews, and patient journey optimisation. This service aimed to provide input for all patients who required them outwith the already established ortho-geriatric service. The success of this role was assessed through feedback questionnaires, as well as through the auditing of functional indicators such as the burden on the on-call orthopaedic registrar and other departments for advice from junior doctors, plus the number of medical emergencies. The survey received a total of 42 responses from various staff roles. All respondents thought the role had improved patient care or the functioning of the department. Respondents thought the role primarily enhanced patient care and safety and led to increased support for junior doctors and nursing staff. Data showed a 44% reduction in medical emergency calls since the role began. Total calls outwith the department for medical support reduced by 100% in hours and 50% out of hours when analysed over 22 days. Over a 14 day period, calls to the on-call orthopaedic registrar also reduced by 100% in hours, with no significant difference out of hours. This role has improved patient care and safety and allowed faster medical support with reduced impact on orthopaedic and general medical services. Feedback has been very positive from all staff. The major limitation is lack of 24 hour support. Next steps will include expanding the role, as well as introduction of framework for professional development

The October 2024 Trauma Roundup³⁶⁰ looks at: Early versus delayed weightbearing following operatively treated ankle fracture (WAX): a non-inferiority, multicentre, randomized controlled trial; The effect of early weightbearing and later weightbearing rehabilitation interventions on outcomes after ankle fracture surgery; Is intramedullary nailing of femoral diaphyseal fractures in the lateral decubitus position as safe and effective as on a traction table?; Periprosthetic fractures of the hip: Back to the Future, Groundhog Day, and horses for courses; Two big bones, one big decision: when to fix bilateral femur fractures; Comparison of ankle fracture fixation using intramedullary fibular nailing versus plate fixation; Unclassified acetabular fractures: do they really exist?

Aims

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a challenging complication of any arthroplasty procedure. We reviewed our use of static antibiotic-loaded cement spacers (ABLCSs) for staged management of PJI where segmental bone loss, ligamentous instability, or soft-tissue defects necessitate a static construct. We reviewed factors contributing to their failure and techniques to avoid these complications when using ABLCSs in this context.

The October 2024 Wrist & Hand Roundup360 looks at: Circumferential casting versus plaster splinting in preventing redisplacement of distal radial fractures; Comparable outcomes for operative versus nonoperative treatment of scapholunate ligament injuries in distal radius fractures; Perceived pain during the reduction of Colles fracture without anaesthesia; Diagnostic delays and physician training are key to reducing scaphoid fracture nonunion; Necrotizing fasciitis originating in the hand: a systematic review and meta-analysis; Study design influences outcomes in distal radial fracture research; Long-term results of index finger pollicization for congenital thumb anomalies: a systematic review; Enhancing nerve injury diagnosis: the evolving role of imaging and electrodiagnostic tools

Aims

The influence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the outcome after hip and knee arthroplasty is debated. We aimed to investigate the change in patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) scores after hip and knee arthroplasty, comparing patients with and without MetS.

Aims

Rotator cuff disease (RCD) can considerably decrease quality of life. Here, we investigated whether health-related quality of life (HRQoL) influences the need for surgery in patients with RCD.

Aims

The presence of facet tropism has been correlated with an elevated susceptibility to lumbar disc pathology. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of facet tropism on chronic lumbosacral discogenic pain through the analysis of clinical data and finite element modelling (FEM).

Aims

Steroid injections are used for subacromial pain syndrome and can be administered via the anterolateral or posterior approach to the subacromial space. It is not currently known which approach is superior in terms of improving clinical symptoms and function. This is the protocol for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare the clinical effectiveness of a steroid injection given via the anterolateral or the posterior approach to the subacromial space.

Aims

This aim of this study was to analyze the detection rate of rare pathogens in bone and joint infections (BJIs) using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and the impact of mNGS on clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Aims

People with severe, persistent low back pain (LBP) may be offered lumbar spine fusion surgery if they have had insufficient benefit from recommended non-surgical treatments. However, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2016 guidelines recommended not offering spinal fusion surgery for adults with LBP, except as part of a randomized clinical trial. This survey aims to describe UK clinicians’ views about the suitability of patients for such a future trial, along with their views regarding equipoise for randomizing patients in a future clinical trial comparing lumbar spine fusion surgery to best conservative care (BCC; the FORENSIC-UK trial).

Two discrete legal factors enable the surgeon to treat an injured patient the fully informed, autonomous consent of the adult patient with capacity via civil law; and the medical exception to the criminal law. This article discusses current concepts in consent in trauma; and also considers the perhaps less well known medical exception to the Offences against the Person Act 1861, which exempts surgeons from criminal liability as long as they provide ‘proper medical treatment’.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(7):565–569.