Aims

The aim of this study was to gain a consensus for best practice of the assessment and management of children with idiopathic toe walking (ITW) in order to provide a benchmark for practitioners and guide the best consistent care.

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The paediatric trigger thumb is a distinct clinical entity with unique anatomical abnormalities. The aim of this study was to present the long-term outcomes of A1 pulley release in idiopathic paediatric trigger thumbs based on established patient-reported outcome measures.

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The aim of this study was to explore clinicians’ experience of a paediatric randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing surgical reduction with non-surgical casting for displaced distal radius fractures.

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Children with spinal dysraphism can develop various musculoskeletal deformities, necessitating a range of orthopaedic interventions, causing significant morbidity, and making considerable demands on resources. This systematic review aimed to identify what outcome measures have been reported in the literature for children with spinal dysraphism who undergo orthopaedic interventions involving the lower limbs.

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The aim of this study was to determine the consensus best practice approach for the investigation and management of children (aged 0 to 15 years) in the UK with musculoskeletal infection (including septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, pyomyositis, tenosynovitis, fasciitis, and discitis). This consensus can then be used to ensure consistent, safe care for children in UK hospitals and those elsewhere with similar healthcare systems.

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Reimers migration percentage (MP) is a key measure to inform decision-making around the management of hip displacement in cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study is to assess validity and inter- and intra-rater reliability of a novel method of measuring MP using a smart phone app (HipScreen (HS) app).

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This study aimed to evaluate rasterstereography of the spine as a diagnostic test for adolescent idiopathic soliosis (AIS), and to compare its results with those obtained using a scoliometer.

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A national screening programme has existed in the UK for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) since 1969. However, every aspect of screening and treatment remains controversial. Screening programmes throughout the world vary enormously, and in the UK there is significant variation in screening practice and treatment pathways. We report the results of an attempt by the British Society for Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery (BSCOS) to identify a nationwide consensus for the management of DDH in order to unify treatment and suggest an approach for screening.

The development of spinal deformity in children with underlying neurodisability can affect their ability to function and impact on their quality of life, as well as compromise provision of nursing care. Patients with neuromuscular spinal deformity are among the most challenging due to the number and complexity of medical comorbidities that increase the risk for severe intraoperative or postoperative complications. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory at every stage to ensure that all nonoperative measures have been applied, and that the treatment goals have been clearly defined and agreed with the family. This will involve input from multiple specialities, including allied healthcare professionals, such as physiotherapists and wheelchair services. Surgery should be considered when there is significant impact on the patients’ quality of life, which is usually due to poor sitting balance, back or costo-pelvic pain, respiratory complications, or problems with self-care and feeding. Meticulous preoperative assessment is required, along with careful consideration of the nature of the deformity and the problems that it is causing. Surgery can achieve good curve correction and results in high levels of satisfaction from the patients and their caregivers. Modern modular posterior instrumentation systems allow an effective deformity correction. However, the risks of surgery remain high, and involvement of the family at all stages of decision-making is required in order to balance the risks and anticipated gains of the procedure, and to select those patients who can mostly benefit from spinal correction.

Abstract. In the pediatric population, scoliosis is classified into congenital, syndromic, idiopathic, and neuromuscular in aetiology. Syndromic scoliosis represents a wide range of systemic anomalies associated with scoliosis. The primary challenge for a clinician is to think beyond the scoliotic curve, as the underlying pathology is multisystemic. The aim of this review is to identify the systemic anomalies, associated with syndromic scoliosis. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases were searched, dating from 1990–2020, relevant to the purpose of our study. Keywords used: “scoliosis”+ “syndrome” + “genetic”. Retrospective, prospective studies were included. Case reports that had fewer than 4 patients were not included. Delineating 60 articles, we found a total of 41 syndromes to be associated with scoliosis. Thoracic region was the most common level of scoliosis curve, being noted in 28 syndromes. Mental retardation, seizures, and ataxia were the commonly noticed CNS anomalies. VSD, ASD, and TGA were the anomalies associated with CVS; Hypotonia, rib and vertebral malformations were the most identified neuromuscular anomalies; pulmonary hypoplasia, renal agenesis, and strabismus were other associations. A multidisciplinary approach, involving spinal surgeons, paediatricians, geneticists, anesthesiologists, and allied health professionals, is vital for the best care of patients with syndromic scoliosis. The location of the scoliotic curve reflects the associated anomalies, as thoracic curvature is more closely linked with cardiac anomalies, while lumbosacral curvature is seen to be often linked with genitourinary anomalies. We hope that this article provides a clear overview of the systemic associations in syndromic scoliosis and thus, facilitates and streamlines the management protocol

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We aimed to describe the epidemiological, biological, and bacteriological characteristics of osteoarticular infections (OAIs) caused by Kingella kingae.

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To assess if congenital foot deformity is a risk factor for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Ten RCTs published between 2000 and 2013 support treating distal radius buckle fractures and other low-risk distal radius fractures with a removable splint and with no orthopaedic follow-up. Application of this evidence has been shown to be variable and suboptimal resulting in unnecessary costs to a strained healthcare system. The Canadian evidence on this topic has been generated by subspecialist physicians working in paediatric hospitals. It is unclear what factors affect the dissemination of this information. We investigated the association of hospital type and physician type with the application of best-evidence treatment for low-risk distal radius fractures in children with the goal of improving our understanding of evidence diffusion in Ontario for this common injury. We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study using linked health care administrative data. We identified all children aged 2–14 treated in Ontario emergency departments from 2003–2015 with distal radius fractures with no reduction and no operation within a six week period. We excluded refractures and children with comorbidities. We evaluated the followup received – orthopaedic, general practitioner, or none. We examined the data for trends over time. Multivariable log binomial regression was used to quantify associations between hospital and physician type and best-evidence treatment. We adjusted for patient-related variables including age, sex, rural or urban location, and socioeconomic status. 70,801 fractures were analyzed. Best-evidence treatment was more likely to occur in a small (RR 1.86, 95%CI 1.72–2.01), paediatric (RR 1.16, 95%CI 1.07–1.26), or community (RR 1.13, 95%CI 1.06–1.20) hospital compared with treatment in a teaching hospital. Best-evidence treatment was more likely if initial management was by a paediatrician with additional emergency medicine training (RR 1.73, 95%CI 1.56–1.92) or paediatrician (RR 1.22, 95%CI 1.11–1.34). Paediatric and teaching hospitals have improved their use of best-evidence over time while other hospital types have stagnated or deteriorated. Paediatricians, paediatricians with additional emergency medicine training, and emergency medicine residency trained physicians have improved their use of best-evidence over time, while other physician types have stagnated or deteriorated. Overall, only 20% of patients received best-evidence treatment and 70% had orthopaedic follow-up. Significant over-utilization of resources for low-risk distal radius fractures continues decades after the first randomized trials showed it to be unnecessary. Physician type and hospital rurality are most strongly associated with best-evidence treatment. Physician types involved in generating, presenting, and publishing best-evidence for this fracture type are successfully implementing it, while others have failed to change their practices. Rural hospitals are excellent resource stewards by necessity, but are deteriorating over time. Our results strongly indicate the need for targeted implementation strategies to explicitly apply clinical evidence in clinical practice Canada-wide, with the goal of providing more cost-effective care for common children's fractures

Aims

The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of paediatric patients with orthopaedic conditions and spinal deformity is important, but existing generic tools have their shortcomings. We aim to evaluate the use of Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 generic core scales in the paediatric population with specific comparisons between those with spinal and limb pathologies, and to explore the feasibility of using PedsQL for studying scoliosis patients’ HRQoL.

Introduction

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a rapidly implemented restructuring of UK healthcare services. The The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, became a central hub for the provision of trauma services for North Central/East London (NCEL) while providing a musculoskeletal tumour service for the south of England, the Midlands, and Wales and an urgent spinal service for London. This study reviews our paediatric practice over this period in order to share our experience and lessons learned. Our hospital admission pathways are described and the safety of surgical and interventional radiological procedures performed under general anaesthesia (GA) with regards to COVID-19 in a paediatric population are evaluated.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of hip displacement and dislocation in a total population of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Scotland before and after the initiation of a hip surveillance programme.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of the different ultrasound phenotypes of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and to determine their subsequent course.

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The significance of the ‘clicky hip’ in neonatal and infant examination remains controversial with recent conflicting papers reigniting the debate. We aimed to quantify rates of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in babies referred with ‘clicky hips’ to our dedicated DDH clinic.