Aims

The Bankart and Latarjet procedures are two of the most common surgical techniques to treat anterior shoulder instability with satisfactory clinical and functional outcomes. However, the outcomes in the adolescent population remain unclear, and there is no information regarding the arthroscopic Latarjet in this population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the arthroscopic Bankart and arthroscopic Latarjet procedures in the management of anterior shoulder instability in adolescents.

Introduction. Ankle fractures represent approximately 10% of the fracture workload and are projected to increase due to ageing population. We present our 5 years outcome review post-surgical management of ankle fractures in a large UK Trauma unit. Methods. A total of 111 consecutive patients treated for an unstable ankle fracture were entered into a database and prospectively followed up. Baseline patient characteristics, complications, further intervention including additional surgery, functional status were recorded during five-year follow-up. Pre-injury and post-fixation functional outcome measures at 2-years were assessed using Olerud-Molander Ankle Scores (OMAS) and Lower Extremity Functional Scales (LEFS). A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results. The mean age was 46 with a male:female ratio of 1:1.1. The distribution of comorbidities was BMI >30 (25%), diabetes (5%), alcohol consumption >20U/week (15%) and smoking (26%). Higher BMI was predictive of worse post-op LEFS score (p = 0.02). Between pre-injury and post fixation functional scores at 2 years, there was a mean reduction of 26.8 (OMAS) and 20.5(LEFS). Using very strict radiological criteria, 31 (28%) had less than anatomical reduction of fracture fragments intra-operatively. This was, however, not predictive of patients' functional outcome in this cohort. Within 5-year period, 22 (20%) patients had removal of metalwork from their ankle, with majority 13 (59%) requiring syndesmotic screw removal. Further interventions included: joint injection (3), deltoid reconstruction (1), arthroscopic debridement (1), superficial sinus excision (2), and conversion to hindfoot nail due to failure of fixation (1). Reduction in OMAS was predictive of patients' ongoing symptoms (p=0.01). Conclusion. There is a significant reduction in functional outcome after ankle fracture fixation and patients should be counselled appropriately. Need for removal of metalwork is higher in patients who require syndesmosis stabilisation with screw(s)

Aims. Young adults undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) largely have different indications for surgery, preoperative function, and postoperative goals compared to a standard patient group. The aim of our study was to describe young adult THA preoperative function and quality of life, and to assess postoperative satisfaction and compare this with functional outcome measures. Methods. A retrospective cohort analysis of young adults (aged < 50 years) undergoing THA between May 2018 and May 2023 in a single tertiary centre was undertaken. Median follow-up was 31 months (12 to 61). Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and focus group-designed questionnaires were distributed. Searches identified 244 cases in 225 patients. Those aged aged under 30 years represented 22.7% of the cohort. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (50; 45.5%) and Perthes’ disease (15; 13.6%) were the commonest indications for THA. Results. Preoperatively, of 110 patients, 19 (17.2%) were unable to work before THA, 57 (52%) required opioid analgesia, 51 (46.4%) were reliant upon walking aids, and 70 (63.6%) had sexual activity limited by their pathology. One patient required revision due to instability. Mean OHS was 39 (9 to 48). There was a significant difference between the OHS of cases where THA met expectation, compared with the OHS when it did not (satisfied: 86 (78.2%), OHS: 41.2 (36.1%) vs non-satisfied: 24 (21%), OHS: 31.6; p ≤ 0.001). Only one of the 83 patients (75.5%) who returned to premorbid levels of activity did so after 12 months. Conclusion. Satisfaction rates of THA in young adults is high, albeit lower than commonly quoted figures. Young adults awaiting THA have poor function with high requirements for mobility aids, analgesia, and difficulties in working and undertaking leisure activities. The OHS provided a useful insight into patient function and was predictive of satisfaction rates, although it did not address the specific demands of young adults undertaking THA. Function at one year postoperatively is a good indication of overall outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(4):304–311

Aims

Despite limited clinical scientific backing, an additional trochanteric stabilizing plate (TSP) has been advocated when treating unstable trochanteric fractures with a sliding hip screw (SHS). We aimed to explore whether the TSP would result in less post operative fracture motion, compared to SHS alone.

Aims

Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) are a common cause of disability and chronic ankle pain. Many operative treatment strategies have been introduced; however, they have their own disadvantages. Recently lesion repair using autologous cartilage chip has emerged therefore we investigated the efficacy of particulated autologous cartilage transplantation (PACT) in OLT.

Aims

Hip arthroscopy (HA) has become the treatment of choice for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). However, less favourable outcomes following arthroscopic surgery are expected in patients with severe chondral lesions. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of HA in patients with FAI and associated chondral lesions, classified according to the Outerbridge system.

Reports of improved functional outcome of Metal on Metal Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty (mHRA) to Total Hip Replacement needs to be balanced with concerns of metal ion release. By removing cobalt-chrome, cHRA reduces these risks. To the author's knowledge, there is no data available on functional outcomes of cHRA, therefore the aim of the study was to compare the function between cHRA patients and mHRA patients. 24 patients received a unilateral cHRA (H1, Embody) and was compared to 24 age and gender matched patients with a unilateral mHRA (BHR, Smith and Nephew). All patients completed the Oxford Hip Score (OHS)[T2] and underwent gait analysis on an instrumented treadmill before and at a mean of 74wks (+/− 10) for mHRA and 53wks (+/− 2) for cHRA post op. Walking trials started at 4km/h and increased in 0.5km/h increments until a top walking speed (TWS) was achieved. Vertical ground reaction forces (GRF) were recorded along with the symmetry index (SI). Spatiotemporal measures of gait were also recorded. Vertical GRF were captured for the entire normalised stance phase using statistical parametric mapping (SPM; CI = 95%). The gain in OHS was similar: H1 (25-46), BHR(27-47). TWS increased by 19% with H1 (6.02 – 8.0km/hr), and 20% with BHR (6.02 – 7.37km/hr). SPM of the entire gait cycle illustrated the restoration of symmetry in both groups with no difference in GRF across the stance phase between groups at 5km/hr pre-op and post-op. At faster speeds (6.5km/hr), H1 patients had a mid-support GRF slightly closer to normal compared to BHR. Both groups increased step length similar from pre to post op (H1:0.76 – 0.85cm, BHR:0.77-0.86cm). In this study, subjective and objective functional outcome measures suggest that short term functional outcomes of ceramic resurfacing is not inferior to metal resurfacing

There remains much debate regarding the optimal method for surgical management of patients with long head of biceps pathology. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of tenotomy versus tenodesis. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (ref: CRD42020198658). Electronic databases searched included EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing tenotomy versus tenodesis were included. Risk of bias within studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias v2.0 tool and the Jadad score. The primary outcome included patient reported functional outcome measures pooled using standardized mean difference (SMD) and a random effects model. Secondary outcome measures included pain (visual analogue scale VAS), rate of Popeye deformity, and operative time. 860 patients from 11 RCTs (426 tenotomy vs 434 tenodesis) were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis of all PROMs data demonstrated comparable outcomes between tenotomy vs tenodesis (SMD 0.14, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.32; p=0.13). Sensitivity analysis comparing RCTs involving patients with and without an intact rotator cuff did not change the primary outcome. There was no significant difference for pain (VAS). Tenodesis resulted in a lower rate of Popeye deformity (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.45, p < 0.00001). Tenotomy demonstrated a shorter operative time (MD 15.21, 95% CI 1.06 to 29.36, p < 0.00001). Aside from a lower rate of cosmetic deformity, tenodesis yielded no measurable significant benefit to tenotomy for addressing pathology in the long head of biceps. A large multi-centre clinical effectiveness randomised controlled trial is needed to provide clarity in this area

The influence of patient age on functional outcomes after periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for acetabular dysplasia remains unclear, with previous studies utilising scores developed for older, arthritic patients. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of patient age on International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) scores, two years after PAO. Eighty-six patients (72 female, 14 male; mean age 26.9 years) who underwent PAO by a single surgeon and had completed a minimum of two years follow up were identified. Patients were categorised into three groups according to age at the time of surgery: adolescent (11–20 years; n=29), young adult (21–30 years; n=29), and mature (≥31 years; n=28). The three groups were compared with respect to baseline variables and functional outcomes (iHOT-12, EQ-5D quality of life score, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score, pain visual analogue score (VAS)). Multivariate regression was undertaken to assess for independent predictors of two-year iHOT-12 score. The adolescent group demonstrated a lower BMI (p=0.004) while the mature group had a greater American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) score (p=0.049). There were otherwise no significant differences in baseline variables between the three groups (all p>0.05). The three groups demonstrated significant post-operative improvements across all functional outcome measures. There were no significant differences in two-year iHOT-12, EQ-5D, UCLA score or pain VAS between the three groups (all p>0.05). Regression modelling found that patient age at the time of surgery did not have an independent effect on two-year iHOT-12 score (p=0.878). We found that patient age at the time of surgery did not influence functional outcomes two years after PAO. Our results suggest that patient age should not be considered in isolation as an indication or contraindication for PAO

Aims. Clinical management of open fractures is challenging and frequently requires complex reconstruction procedures. The Gustilo-Anderson classification lacks uniform interpretation, has poor interobserver reliability, and fails to account for injuries to musculotendinous units and bone. The Ganga Hospital Open Injury Severity Score (GHOISS) was designed to address these concerns. The major aim of this review was to ascertain the evidence available on accuracy of the GHOISS in predicting successful limb salvage in patients with mangled limbs. Methods. We searched electronic data bases including PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies that employed the GHOISS risk tool in managing complex limb injuries published from April 2006, when the score was introduced, until April 2021. Primary outcome was the measured sensitivity and specificity of the GHOISS risk tool for predicting amputation at a specified threshold score. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, need for plastic surgery, deep infection rate, time to fracture union, and functional outcome measures. Diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis was performed using a random effects bivariate binomial model. Results. We identified 1,304 records, of which six prospective cohort studies and two retrospective cohort studies evaluating a total of 788 patients were deemed eligible for inclusion. A diagnostic test meta-analysis conducted on five cohort studies, with 474 participants, showed that GHOISS at a threshold score of 14 has a pooled sensitivity of 93.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 78.4 to 98.2) and a specificity of 95% (95% CI 88.7 to 97.9) for predicting primary or secondary amputations in people with complex lower limb injuries. Conclusion. GHOISS is highly accurate in predicting success of limb salvage, and can inform management and predict secondary outcomes. However, there is a need for high-quality multicentre trials to confirm these findings and investigate the effectiveness of the score in children, and in predicting secondary amputations. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(1):21–28

Aims

Rates of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) continue to grow. Glenoid bone loss and deformity remains a technical challenge to the surgeon and may reduce improvements in patients’ outcomes. However, there is no consensus as to the optimal surgical technique to best reconstruct these patients’ anatomy. This review aims to compare the outcomes of glenoid bone grafting versus augmented glenoid prostheses in the management of glenoid bone loss in primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Wide resection, with or without adjuvant therapy, is the mainstay of treatment for soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities. The surgical treatment of soft tissue sarcoma can portend a prolonged course of recovery from a functional perspective. However, data to inform the expected course of recovery following sarcoma surgery is lacking. The purpose of this study was to identify time to maximal functional improvement following sarcoma resection and to identify factors that delay the expected course of recovery. A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients undergoing surgical treatment of a soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities between January 1st, 1985 and November 15, 2020 with a minimum of 1 follow up. The primary outcome measure was time to maximal functional improvement, defined as failure to demonstrate improvement on two consecutive follow up appointments, as defined by the functional outcome measures of Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) Score or by achieving 90% of maximum outcome score. We identified 1188 patients who underwent surgical resection of a soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities. Patients typically achieved a return to their baseline level of function by 1 year and achieved “maximal” functional recovery by 2 year's time postoperatively. Patient and tumor factors that were associated with worse functional outcome scores and a delayed return to maximal functional improvement included older age (p=0.007), female sex (p-0.004), larger tumor size (p < 0 .001), deep tumor location (p < 0 .001), pelvic location (p < 0 .001), higher tumor grade (p < 0 .001). Treatment factors that were associated with worse functional outcome scores and a delayed return to maximal functional improvement included use of radiation therapy (p < 0 .001), perioperative complications (p < 0 .001), positive margin status (p < 0 .001) and return of disease, locally or systemically (p < 0 .001). Most patients will recover their baseline function by 1 year and achieve “maximal” recovery by 2 years’ time following surgical resection for soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities. Several patient, tumor and treatment factors should be used to counsel patients as to a delayed course of recovery

Aims

The primary aim of our study was to assess the influence of age on hip-specific outcome following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Secondary aims were to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and level of activity according to age.

Aims

The aim of this study was to explore the functional results in a fitter subgroup of participants in the Hip Fracture Evaluation with Alternatives of Total Hip Arthroplasty versus Hemiarthroplasty (HEALTH) trial to determine whether there was an advantage of total hip arthroplasty (THA) versus hemiarthroplasty (HA) in this population.

The Poole Traction Splint (PTS) is a non-invasive technique that applies dynamic traction to the affected digit using materials readily available in the outpatient department. The primary aim of this study was to document the outcome of the PTS for hand phalangeal fractures. Over a four-year period (2017–2021), suitable patients were reviewed and referred for PTS to the hand physiotherapists. Functional outcome measures included range of motion (ROM), return to work, and a DASH score. In addition, a healthcare cost analysis was carried out. A total of 63 patients were treated with a PTS from 2017 to 2021. Data was analysed for 54 patients with 55 digits. The mean age was 43 years (17–72) and 53.7% (n=29) were female. There were 43 fractures involving the proximal phalanx and 12 involving the middle phalanx. The mean final composite range of movement averaged 209˚ (110–270°), classified as ‘good/excellent’ by ASSH criteria. The mean DASH score was 13.6 (0-43.2; n=45). All patients were able to return to work. Only two (3.7%) digits required conversion to surgical fixation. The PTS resulted in approximate savings of £2,452 per patient. The PTS is a cost-effective non-invasive low risk outpatient treatment method which provides a functional ROM and good functional outcomes in the treatment of complex phalangeal hand fractures, with minimal risk of surgical intervention being required

Introduction and Objective. There remains much debate regarding the optimal method for surgical management of patients with long head of biceps pathology. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of tenotomy versus tenodesis. Materials and Methods. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (ref: CRD42020198658). Electronic databases searched included EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing tenotomy versus tenodesis were included. Risk of bias within studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias v2.0 tool and the Jadad score. The primary outcome included patient reported functional outcome measures pooled using standardized mean difference (SMD) and a random effects model. Secondary outcome measures included visual analogue scale (VAS), rate of cosmetic deformity (Popeye sign), range of motion, operative time, and elbow flexion strength. Results. 751 patients from 10 RCTs demonstrated (369 tenotomy vs 382 tenodesis) were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis of all PROMs data demonstrated comparable outcomes between tenotomy vs tenodesis (SMD 0.17 95% CI −0.02 to 0.36, p=0.09). Sensitivity analysis comparing RCTs involving patients with and without an intact rotator cuff did not change the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes including VAS, shoulder external rotation, and elbow flexion strength did not reveal any significant difference. Tenodesis resulted in a lower rate of Popeye deformity (OR 0.27 95% CI 0.16 to 0.45, p<0.00001). Conclusions. Aside from a lower rate of cosmetic deformity, tenodesis yielded no measurable significant benefit to tenotomy for addressing pathology in the long head of biceps. This finding was irrespective of the whether the rotator cuff was intact

Aims

The aim of this study was to radiologically evaluate the quality of cement mantle and alignment achieved with a polished tapered cemented femoral stem inserted through the anterior approach and compared with the posterior approach.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate systematically the literature concerning biopsy, MRI signal to noise quotient (SNQ) and clinical outcomes in graft-maturity assessment after autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and their possible relationships. Methods: The systematic review was reported and conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Studies through May 2019 evaluating methods of intra-articular ACL autograft maturity assessment were considered for inclusion. Eligible methods were histologic studies of biopsy specimens and conventional MRI studies reporting serial SNQ and/ or correlation with clinical parameters. Ten biopsy studies and 13 imaging studies, with a total of 706 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Biopsy studies show that graft remodeling undergoes an early healing phase, a phase of remodeling or proliferation and a ligamentization phase as an ongoing process even 1 year after surgery. Imaging studies showed an initial increase in SNQ, peaking at approximately 6 months, followed by a gradual decrease over time. There is no evident correlation between graft SNQ and knee stability outcome scores at the short- and long-term follow-up after ACLR. The remodeling of the graft is an ongoing process even 1 year after ACLR, based on human biopsy studies. MRI SNQ peaked at approximately 6 months, followed by a gradual decrease over time. Heterogeneity of the MRI methods and technical restrictions used in the current literature limit prediction of graft maturity and clinical and functional outcome measures by means of MRI graft SNQ after ACLR

Aims

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are locally aggressive lesions typically found in the long bones of children and adolescents. A variety of management strategies have been reported to be effective in the treatment of these lesions. The purpose of this review was to assess the effectiveness of current strategies for the management of primary ABCs of the long bones.