Introduction. Tendon ruptures represent one of the most common acute tendon injuries in adults worldwide, affecting millions of people anually and becoming more prevalent due to longer life expectancies and sports activities. Current clinical treatments for full tears are unable to completely restore the torn tendons to their native composition, structure and mechanical properties. To address this clinical challenge, tissue-engineered substitutes will be developed to serve as functional replacements for total tendon ruptures that closely resemble the original tissue, restoring functionality. Method. Water borne polyurethanes (WBPU) containing acrylate groups, specifically polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), were combined with mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MoMSCs) and heparin sodium to formulate bioinks for the fabrication of scaffolds via extrusion-based 3D bioprinting. Result. The biocompatibility of acrylated-WBPUs was confirmed in 2D with MoMSCs using lactate dehydrogenase assay, DNA assay and live/dead assays. Cell-laden scaffolds were 3D-bioprinted by encapsulating MoMSCs at varying cell densities within the acrylated WBPUs. The resulting 3D structures support cell viability and proliferation within the scaffolds, as confirmed by live/dead assay, lactate dehydrogenase assay and DNA assays. Differentiation studies in the 3D-bioprinted scaffolds demonstrated the phenotype transition of MoMSCs toward tenocytes through gene expression and protein deposition analysis. The inclusion of sodium heparin in the bioinks revealed increased synthesis of matrix assembly proteins within the 3D-bioprinted constructs. Conclusion. The developed bioinks were biocompatible and printable, supporting cell viability within the 3D-bioprinted scaffold. The fabricated cell-laden constructs sustained cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue formation. The addition of heparin sodium enhanced tissue formation and organization, showing promising results for the regeneration of tendon total ruptures. Principio del formularioThis work was supported by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) under grant No CPP2021-008754. The authors would like to thank their partners in the project, which are in charge of the synthesis of heparin sodium and acrylated-WBPUs

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The aim of this study was to review the provision of total elbow arthroplasties (TEAs) in England, including the incidence, the characteristics of the patients and the service providers, the types of implant, and the outcomes.

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This study aimed to define the histopathology of degenerated humeral head cartilage and synovial inflammation of the glenohumeral joint in patients with omarthrosis (OmA) and cuff tear arthropathy (CTA). Additionally, the potential of immunohistochemical tissue biomarkers in reflecting the degeneration status of humeral head cartilage was evaluated.

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We aimed to determine the concentrations of synovial vancomycin and meropenem in patients treated by single-stage revision combined with intra-articular infusion following periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), thereby validating this drug delivery approach.

Aims. This study aimed to assess the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with combined intravenous (IV) and topical antibiotic therapy in patients undergoing treatment for periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), utilizing the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for classification. Methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 162 knees (162 patients) that received treatment for PJI post-TKA with combined IV and topical antibiotic infusions at a single academic hospital from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2022. The incidence of AKI was evaluated using the KDIGO criteria, focussing on the identification of significant predictors and the temporal pattern of AKI development. Results. AKI was identified in 9.26% (15/162) of the cohort, predominantly presenting as stage 1 AKI, which was transient in nature and resolved prior to discharge. The analysis highlighted moderate anaemia and lower baseline serum creatinine levels as significant predictors for the development of AKI. Notably, the study found no instances of severe complications such as wound dehiscence, skin erosion, or the need for haemodialysis following treatment. Conclusion. The findings suggest that the combined use of IV and topical antibiotic therapy in the management of PJIs post-TKA is associated with a low incidence of primarily transient stage 1 AKI. This indicates a potentially favourable renal safety profile, advocating for further research to confirm these outcomes and potentially influence treatment protocols in PJI management. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(10):525–534

Rotator cuff pathology is the main cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction in older adults. When a rotator cuff tear involves the subscapularis tendon, the symptoms are usually more severe and the prognosis after surgery must be guarded. Isolated subscapularis tears represent 18% of all rotator cuff tears and arthroscopic repair is a good alternative primary treatment. However, when the tendon is deemed irreparable, tendon transfers are the only option for younger or high-functioning patients. The aim of this review is to describe the indications, biomechanical principles, and outcomes which have been reported for tendon transfers, which are available for the treatment of irreparable subscapularis tears.

The best tendon to be transferred remains controversial. Pectoralis major transfer was described more than 30 years ago to treat patients with failed surgery for instability of the shoulder. It has subsequently been used extensively to manage irreparable subscapularis tendon tears in many clinical settings. Although pectoralis major reproduces the position and orientation of the subscapularis in the coronal plane, its position in the axial plane – anterior to the rib cage – is clearly different and does not allow it to function as an ideal transfer. Consistent relief of pain and moderate recovery of strength and function have been reported following the use of this transfer. In an attempt to improve on these results, latissimus dorsi tendon transfer was proposed as an alternative and the technique has evolved from an open to an arthroscopic procedure. Satisfactory relief of pain and improvements in functional shoulder scores have recently been reported following its use. Both pectoralis minor and upper trapezius transfers have also been used in these patients, but the outcomes that have been reported do not support their widespread use.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(9):970–977.

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This study evaluated the effect of treating clinician speciality on management of zone 2 fifth metatarsal fractures.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the association between prior sleeve gastrectomy in patients undergoing primary total hip and knee arthroplasty, and 90-day complications, incidence of revision arthroplasty, and patient-reported outcome scores at final follow-up.

Aims. Complete ruptures of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the thumb are a common injury, yet little is known about their current management in the UK. The objective of this study was to assess the way complete UCL ruptures are managed in the UK. Methods. We carried out a multicentre, survey-based cross-sectional study in 37 UK centres over a 16-month period from June 2022 to September 2023. The survey results were analyzed descriptively. Results. A total of 37 centres participated, of which nine were tertiary referral hand centres and 28 were district general hospitals. There was a total of 112 respondents (69 surgeons and 43 hand therapists). The strongest influence on the decision to offer surgery was the lack of a firm ‘endpoint’ to stressing the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) in either full extension or with the MCPJ in 30° of flexion. There was variability in whether additional imaging was used in managing acute UCL injuries, with 46% routinely using additional imaging while 54% did not. The use of a bone anchor was by far the most common surgical option for reconstructing an acute ligament avulsion (97%, n = 67) with a transosseous suture used by 3% (n = 2). The most common duration of immobilization for those managed conservatively was six weeks (58%, n = 65) and four weeks (30%, n = 34). Most surgeons (87%, n = 60) and hand therapists (95%, n = 41) would consider randomizing patients with complete UCL ruptures in a future clinical trial. Conclusion. The management of complete UCL ruptures in the UK is highly variable in certain areas, and there is a willingness for clinical trials on this subject. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(8):708–714

The August 2024 Trauma Roundup³⁶⁰ looks at: Does topical vancomycin prevent fracture-related infections in closed fractures undergoing open reduction and internal fixation? A randomized controlled trial; Is postoperative splinting advantageous after upper limb fracture surgery?; Does suprapatellar nailing resolve knee pain?; Locking versus non-locking plate fixation in comminuted talar neck fractures: a biomechanical study using cadaveric specimens; Revolutionizing recovery metrics: PROMIS versus SMFA in orthopaedic trauma care; Dorsal hook plating of patella fractures: reliable fixation and satisfactory outcomes; The impact of obesity on subtrochanteric femur fracture outcomes; Low-dose NSAIDs (ketorolac) and cytokine modulation in orthopaedic polytrauma: a detailed analysis.

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The use of multimodal non-opioid analgesia in hip fractures, specifically acetaminophen combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), has been increasing. However, the effectiveness and safety of this approach remain unclear. This study aimed to compare postoperative outcomes among patients with hip fractures who preoperatively received either acetaminophen combined with NSAIDs, NSAIDs alone, or acetaminophen alone.

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The number of revision arthroplasties being performed in the elderly is expected to rise, including revision for infection. The primary aim of this study was to measure the treatment success rate for octogenarians undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) compared to a younger cohort. Secondary outcomes were complications and mortality.

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Transfusion after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) has become rare, and identification of causative factors allows preventive measures. The aim of this study was to determine patient-specific factors that increase the risk of needing a blood transfusion.

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The purpose of this study was to compare reoperation and revision rates of double plating (DP), single plating using a lateral locking plate (SP), or distal femoral arthroplasty (DFA) for the treatment of periprosthetic distal femur fractures (PDFFs).

Aim. Our collaborative study aims to demonstrate that acute partial Achilles Tendon Tears (ATTs) are not separate diagnostic entities from full ATTs. and should be thought of as a continuum rather than binary partial or full. Methods. We pooled anonymised data from four hospitals, identifying patients with acute partial ATTs on USS reports from 2019–2021. Patients were only included if they had an acute injury and no previous background Achilles tendinopathy. Results. 91 patients had acute partial ATTs reported on USS. 74/91 (81%) of patients had clinical findings in keeping with a full ATT (positive Simmonds test, palpable gap). 88/91 (97%) of patients were managed according to local full ATT protocols. 2 patients had MRIs – one showed no tear, the other showed a full rupture. 2 patients underwent surgical repair and both intra-operatively were found to have full ATTs. Conclusion. Our regional data suggests that a significant proportion (81%) of USS diagnosed partial ATTs may in fact be misdiagnosed full ATTs. All injuries clinically suspicious for an ATT should be managed according to local Achilles Protocol. USS is useful to diagnose the presence or absence of a tear but is not good at differentiating partial vs full tear. There is significant tendon end fibrillation and overlap on USS of an acute full ATT, which can give the impression of a partial ATT. More research is needed into whether any threshold exists to support the current distinction of “partial” and “full” as relates to management and outcomes

The June 2024 Hip & Pelvis Roundup³⁶⁰ looks at: Machine learning did not outperform conventional competing risk modelling to predict revision arthroplasty; Unravelling the risks: incidence and reoperation rates for femoral fractures post-total hip arthroplasty; Spinal versus general anaesthesia for hip arthroscopy: a COVID-19 pandemic- and opioid epidemic-driven study; Development and validation of a deep-learning model to predict total hip arthroplasty on radiographs; Ambulatory centres lead in same-day hip and knee arthroplasty success; Exploring the impact of smokeless tobacco on total hip arthroplasty outcomes: a deeper dive into postoperative complications.

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Femoral periprosthetic fractures are rising in incidence. Their management is complex and carries a high associated mortality. Unlike native hip fractures, there are no guidelines advising on time to theatre in this group. We aim to determine whether delaying surgical intervention influences morbidity or mortality in femoral periprosthetic fractures.

Background. Disability and slow return to sport and work after tendon rupture are major challenges. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) is an autologous supraphysiological concentration of platelets from whole blood that has demonstrated positive cellular and physiological effects on healing in laboratory conditions but evidence from adequately powered robust clinical trials is lacking. We aimed to determine the clinical efficacy of PRP for treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture. Methods. In a placebo-controlled, participant- and assessor-blinded, trial at 19 NHS hospitals we randomly assigned 230 adults starting acute Achilles rupture non-surgical management to PRP injection or dry-needle insertion (placebo) to the rupture gap under local anaesthetic. Patients with confounding or contraindicated concurrent medical conditions were excluded. The primary outcome was muscle-tendon function, assessed by the limb symmetry index (LSI, uninjured limb/injured limb × 100, higher scores better) of the work (Joules) performed during the heel-rise endurance test at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes were: Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS, 0–100, higher scores better), quality of life (SF-12), pain, and goal attainment. Trial registration: ISRCTN54992179. Results. Participants were aged mean 46 years and 57 (25%) were female. 103/114 (90%) of the PRP group and all (n=116) in the placebo group received allocated treatment. At 24 weeks, mean LSI was 34.4 for the PRP group and 38.8 for placebo (adjusted mean difference −4.4 95% CI −11.2 to 2.5, n=201) and ATRS was mean 65.2 PRP vs 65.8 (adjusted mean difference −0.6, 95% CI −4.9 to 3.7, n=224). There were no differences between groups in the other secondary outcomes. Conclusion. We found no evidence of PRP efficacy for improving muscle-tendon function or patient-reported recovery after acute Achilles tendon rupture. Our findings challenge the increasing global use of PRP for acute tendon injury and indicate that robust evaluations are required in other applications

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The aim of this study was to determine the fracture haematoma (fxH) proteome after multiple trauma using label-free proteomics, comparing two different fracture treatment strategies.

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Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) demonstrates the most feared complication after total joint replacement (TJR). The current work analyzes the demographic, comorbidity, and complication profiles of all patients who had in-hospital treatment due to PJI. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate the in-hospital mortality of patients with PJI and analyze possible risk factors in terms of secondary diagnosis, diagnostic procedures, and complications.