1. Volkmann’s ischaemia is a real and threatening complication of fracture of the femur, and it is more common than reports in the literature would suggest.

2. The early signs and symptoms in the calf are ominous whereas the early vascular signs of a good tibial pulse, colour and temperature are often misleading.

3. Muscle decompression with or without arterial exploration has proved to be of no value.

4. Early recognition and radical treatment are imperative. Temporary paralysis of the lumbar sympathetic outflow has been shown to be an effective measure.

5. Transfixion of the calcaneum with a Kirschner wire for traction has the advantage of eliminating all bandages, suspending the tender calf and preventing an equinovarus deformity.

6. The only essential difference between the histological appearance of muscle which recovers and that which does not appears to be degeneration of muscle nuclei. The significance of engorged blood vessels remains in doubt.

7. Histological studies suggest that despite the typical gross appearance of an infarct some regeneration of muscle may occur.