The aim of our study is to report on our experience with elbow dislocations in childhood, the spectrum of the associated injuries and the various treatment modalities used.

In a period of 18 years, 52 children (33 male and 12 female) with elbow dislocations were treated in our clinic. 45 patients were followed-up with an average time of 7.2 years. 13(29%) dislocations were pure while associated injuries were present in 32(71%). Three had compound injuries. 23 of the associated injuries involved medial epicondyle fractures, 6 radial head fractures, 2 coronoid fractures, 2 lateral humerus condyle fractures, 1 ulnar diaphysis fracture and 1 radial peripheral metaphysic fracture. 27 patients treated conservatively while 18 patients treated surgically.

At the final re-examination, according to Roberts PH criteria, the clinical results were excellent in 24(56%) patients, good in 11(27%) patients, fair in 4(13%) and poor in 2 (4%) patients. A transit ulnar nerve paresis was perceived in 1 patient. The x-ray findings demonstrated 6 patients with medial epicondyle pseudartrosis and 6 patients with ectopic ossification.

Most elbow dislocations are associated with elbow fractures, therefore examination for an associated fracture is necessary. Closed reduction is the treatment of choice for elbow dislocations. Surgical treatment is indicated in elbow dislocations that are not reduced closely, in open injuries and in the presence of associated injuries that demand surgical treatment. The clinical and x-ray results are usually excellent. The presence of associated fractures, especially fractures of the radial head tent to lead in poor results.

Study of olecranon fractures in childhood and evaluation of the treatment approach.

During a 20 year period, 64 children with olecranon fractures were treated in our clinic. 51 children (41 males and 10 females) aged from to 2.5 to 14 years were reviewed. The follow up period was 1 to 20 years(average 9 years). Coexisting skeletal injury appeared in 31 patients. 36 children were treated conservatively while we follow operative treatment (open reduction and stabilization with Kirschner wires with or without tension-band or screws) in 15 children.

At the very last examination 2 children complained of mild pain during weather changes. Elbow extension was reduced from 5° to 15° in 6 patients and elbow flexion was reduced up to 5° in 3 patients. Pronation shortage was observed in 3 patients from 5° to 20° and a 10° supination shortage was observed in 1 patient. One case with pronation – supination shortage (40° and 70° respectively) while persisting subluxation of radial head was in 1 patient. The greatest degree of mobility limitation was observed in patients with comminuted fractures and associated injuries. Transient paresis of the radial nerve was observed in 1 patient.

The usual therapeutic approach to olecranon fractures is conservative.

In cases of displaced fractures, especially when the intraarticular displacement is greater than 3mm, surgical approach is indicated. Complications tend to occur more frequently among those cases with associated injuries. Olecranon paramorphosis in varus needs special attention since it usually coexists with radial head dislocation.