Because ankle inversion trauma can result in persistent isolated subtalar joint instability and can contribute to chronic lateral ankle instability, optimization of subtalar joint ligament injury diagnosis and treatment is essential.

12 fresh-frozen cadaver lower extremities were used. The cradle was a component of a gimbal system that allowed unrestricted inversion/eversion and anterior-posterior and medial-lateral translation of the subtalar joint. The bearing system to which the tibia/fibula were attached allowed unconstrained internal/external rotation and superior-inferior translation. 4N-m inversion/ eversion and internal/external rotational moments and translational forces of 67N were applied. All measurements were performed sequentially in neutral, 10° dorsiflexion and 20° plantarflexion, and were repeated as the cervical, calcaneofibular, and interosseous ligaments were consecutively sectioned in all possible different orders.

In neutral position, inversion increased after sectioning of the cervical (3.7°), interosseous (0.8°), and calcaneofibular (1.9°) ligaments individually. Combined sectioning of all three ligaments showed an increase in inversion of 8.3°, 8.5° and 1.4° in the neutral, plantarflexed, and dorsiflexed positions, respectively, compared to the intact ankle. External rotation also increased in neutral position after sectioning the cervical ligament (2.0°). Combined sectioning of all ligaments showed an increase in external rotation of 3.6° and 5.4° for neutral and dorsiflexion, respectively.

This is the first comprehensive biomechanical cadaver study of the contributions of the cervical, calcaneofibular, and interosseous ligaments to stabilization of the subtalar joint. The surgeon may refer to the findings in both diagnosing and planning treatment of problematic subtalar joint instability

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term results of the surgical treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome by comparing the in-situ decompression and release of the ulnar nerve with or without partial medial epicondylectomy and the anterior transposition and release respectively.

Material and Method: From 1991 since 2008, 119 patients, (81 men and 38 women) with an average age of 51(13–72 years) years were treated surgically for ulnar nerve compression at the elbow. The average duration of symptoms before surgery was 15 months (2–48 months). Preoperatively 2 patients were grade I, 52 patients were grade IIA, 31 patients were IIB and 34 were grade III according to the modified McGowan score. We performed in-situ decompression of the ulnar nerve in 35 patients, release with partial medial epicon-dylectomy in 44 patients and release with anterior transposition of the nerve in 40 patients.

17 patients were lost to follow-up. 108 patients were clinically assessed. Comparing the results among different surgical procedures, an improvement of at least one McGowan grade was obtained in 26 of 30 patients treated with simple decompression, in 29 of 35 patients treated with release and anterior transposition of the nerve and in 38 of 43 patients treated with release and medial epicondylectomy.

The results of this study show that the possibility for complete recovery is inversely related to the initial neuropathy grade. Partial medial epicondylectomy is a valuable surgical procedure for treating grade I to IIB ulnar neuropathy because is an anatomic method with minimal nerve manipulation preserving regional blood supply.