Purpose

Back pain is the primary cause of disability worldwide yet surprisingly little is known of the underlying pathobiology. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of chronic back pain (CBP). Adults of European ancestry from 15 cohorts in the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, and UK Biobank were studied.

Purpose

Health literacy, the ability to seek, understand and utilise health information, is important for health and health-related decisions. Suboptimal health literacy is associated with poorer health outcomes in many chronic conditions although this has not been studied in chronic low back pain (CLBP). This study explored health literacy in a community cohort with and without CLBP.

Purpose and background

Although low back pain (LBP) with leg pain, is considered by most a poor prognostic indicator, it is at the same time believed to have a favourable natural resolution, and is often treated along similar lines to non-specific LBP, in line with current guidelines. It is unclear whether patients with LBP and leg pain are a distinct subgroup that might benefit from early identification and targeted interventions. We set out to investigate the impact of LBP with leg pain on health outcomes and health resources compared with that of LBP alone, and to explore which factors contribute to the observed disability outcomes.

Introduction: Arterial bleeding following pelvic fractures is widely recognized as an indication for angiography and embolization although controversy persists as to the timing of this procedure in the treatment algorithm. Less well appreciated is its application in similar circumstances following blunt injury to the pelvic arteries and limb injuries. We describe our experience in a variety of haemorrhagic orthopaedic pathologies.

Patients and Methods: Angiography was performed in 29 patients- 16 with pelvic fractures, 9 with extremity injuries, and 4 with tumors. Seldinger technique was used for angiographic access, usually from the groin although on occasion extensive local injury required use of the brachial approach. Following the initial diagnostic study the a selective catheter was placed at the target, appropriate embolic material was selected and the source of haemorrhage was closed off.

Results: In our experience of pelvic traumatic bleeding (14 associated with fracture, 2 without) embolization was successful in promptly arresting hemorrhage in all but one case of advanced DIC. Mortality was confined to this last case and two others, all of whom were referred for embolization following prolonged hypotension and commenced angiographic intervention with blood pressure unmeasureable or of the order of 30mm systolic. With 9 cases of extremity injury, 1 iatrogenic, 5 penetrating, 2 blunt and one following fracture of the femur, embolization successfully treated the hemorrhage. Finally we present our experience in preventing hemorrhage in 4 cases, 3 of which were vertebral body tumours and 1 pathological fracture of the humerus due to RCC. At surgery following embolization none bled significantly.

Conclusions: The present study describes our experience in various orthopedic conditions. Less well recognized is its role in preventing hemorrhage; as a prelude to bloody operations on vertebral body metastases, aneurysmal bone cysts and hemangiomata as well as open reduction and internal fixation of pathological extremity fractures. We conclude that this technique is a valuable addition to the tools available to the orthopedic surgeon and whose application is not necessarily limited to the examples quoted, but should be applied in any case where the direct surgical approach is considered hazardous or ineffective.