In total hip arthroplasty (THA), the femoral component influences leg length inequality and gait, and is associated with poor muscle strength and other unsatisfactory long-term results. We have therefore used intraoperative radiographs to acquire accurate measurements of femoral component size and position. At the last meeting of this society, we reported that accurate positioning was successfully achieved in 68 cases (87.2%) as a consequence of taking intraoperative radiographs. However, we have little understanding as regards to the accuracy of X-ray measurements. We accordingly undertook an examination of the accuracy of such measurements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference between leg length discrepancy (LLD) measured using X-ray and computed tomography (CT). The study group comprised 48 primary THAs performed between October 2010 and April 2012. Using 2D template software (JMM Corporation), we measured LLD using pre-operative anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of the pelvis. On the basis of both teardrop lines, we measured LLD of the lesser trochanter top (Fig. 1), lesser trochanter direct top (Fig. 2), and trochanteric top (Fig. 3). Furthermore, using Aquarius NET software, we measured LLD using AP and lateral scout views of the pelvis and bilateral femurs. This data was defined as the true LLD. The difference between the X-ray data (lesser trochanter top, lesser trochanter direct top, and trochanteric top) and the CT data was defined as accuracy. Additionally, we measured the size of the lesser trochanter and examined the association.Objective
Materials and Methods
Hip resurfacing arthroplasty has been surgical options in younger and more active patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head. Although excellent midterm results of this procedure have been reported, there is a concern about postoperative impingement between the preserved femoral neck and the acetabular component. There were few reports about kinematics after hip resurfacing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the postoperative motion analysis after hip resurfacing using a noble dynamic flat-panel detector (FPD) system by which clear sequential images were obtained with low dose radiation exposure. 11 patients (mean age: 47.8 ± 7.4), 15 hips were included in this study. There were ten men and one woman. The preoperative diagnoses were ON of the femoral head in 10 hips, OA in 3 hips, and others in 2 hips. Mean postoperative follow-up period was 25.1 ± 21.6 months. Femoral anteversion, cup inclination and cup anteversion were measured on computed tomography and plain radiograph. Impingement signs such as the reactive osteophyte formation and divot around the femoral neck were also investigated on the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs. Sequential images of active and passive flexion motion in 45-degrees semilateral position, and active abduction motion in a supine position were obtained using a noble dynamic FPD system.Introduction
Materials and methods
The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of aligning the cup with the transverse acetabular ligament (TAL) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and the reproducibility of this procedure by using computer-assisted navigation. Between January 2011 and March 2012, 75 patients (81 hips) underwent primary THA using the posterolateral approach at our hospital. We excluded 4 hips with a history of pelvic osteotomy; thus, the study included 77 hips. We measured the anatomical anteversion of the TAL intraoperatively by aligning the inferomedial rim of the cup trial with the TAL using computer-assisted navigation. We set the abduction to 45° at measure of the anteversion of the TAL. Measurements for each hip were independently performed thrice by 2 surgeons chosen among 1 expert and 6 non-experts. The surgeon performing the measurement was blinded during this process; the navigation screen was turned away from the surgeon's field of view. Anatomical inclination and anteversion were measured with reference to the functional pelvic plane. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess intra- and inter-observer reliability. The mean value of all 6 measurements was used to determine the anteversion of the TAL in each hip.Introduction
Methods
Intramedullary femoral alignment guide is mostly used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Accurate preoperative plan is critical to get good alignments when we use intramedullary femoral guide, because the center of femoral head cannot be looked directly during operation. Commonly, the planning is carried out using preoperative anteroposterior radiographs of the femur. The angles formed between mechanical axes of the femur and distal femoral anatomic axes (AMA) are measured as reference angles of resection of distal femur, and the entry points of intramedullary femoral guide are also planned. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of femoral position on radiographic planning in TKA. We examined 20 knees of 20 female patients who received TKA. Fourteen patients suffered from primary osteoarthritis of the knees, and 6 suffered from rheumatoid arthritis. Fifteen patients have varus knee deformities and 5 patients have valgus knee deformities. Long leg computed topography scans were performed in all cases before operations, and all images were stored in DICOM file format. The analyses were performed with computer software (3D template, JMM, Osaka, Japan) using DICOM formatted data. The planes containing the center of femoral head and transepicondylar axes were defined as reference planes, and the reference planes were fixed all through analyses. At first, to assess the influence of femoral rotation, the femur was rotated from 30 degrees external rotation to 30 degrees internal rotation in 5 degrees increments in full extension. After that, to examine the influence of knee flexion, the knee was bended from full extension to 30 degrees flexion in 5 degrees increments in neutral rotation. Reconstructed coronal planes parallel to the reference planes were made, the angles between mechanical axes of the femur and distal femoral anatomic axes (AMA) and the distance from entry points to the center of femoral intercondylar notch were measured in each position. The distal anatomic axes were made by connecting the center of femoral canal at 8 centimeters proximal to joint line and that at 16 centimeters proximal to joint line. The entry points of intramedullary femoral guide were defined the points where distal anatomic axes meets intercondylar notch.Introduction
Materials and Methods
Rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) is an effective treatment option for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia. However, excessive lateral and anterior correction during the periacetabular osteotomy may lead to femoroacetabular impingement. We used preoperative planning software for total hip arthroplasty to perform femoroacetabular impingement simulations before and after rotational acetabular osteotomies. We evaluated 11 hips in 11 patients with available computed tomography taken before and after RAO. All cases were female and mean age at the time of surgery was 35.9 years. All cases were early stage osteoarthritis without obvious osteophytes or joint space narrowing. Radiographic analysis included the center-edge (CE) angle, Sharp's acetabular angle, the acetabular roof angle, the acetabular head index (AHI), cross-over sign, and posterior wall sign. Acetabular anteversion was measured at every 5 mm slice level in the femoral head using preoperative and postoperative computed tomography. Impingement simulations were performed using the preoperative planning software ZedHip (LEXI, Tokyo, Japan). In brief, we created a three-dimensional model. The range of motion which causes bone-to-bone impingement was evaluated in flexion (flex), abduction (abd), external rotation in flex 0°, and internal rotation in flex 90°. The lesions caused by impingement were evaluated.Background
Methods
The tension of a repaired rotator cuff was evaluated in nineteen patients who had a repair of a full thickness rotator cuff tear. The tension of the repaired cuff was measured at the operation using a simple spring scale. The tension was evaluated regarding the size of the tear, the duration of the symptom, the presence of trauma, and the post-operative results using a UCLA score. The average of the tension at the arm in 0, 30, and 60 degree elevations were 39.2±18.4N, 23.5±17.2N, and 14.2±13.4N respectively. The average tension of the patient who suffered from a trauma was 20.3±15.8N, whereas the one in the patients who had no history of trauma was 35.0 ±18.0N. The slight positive relation, not statistically significant, was found between the tension and the size of the tear. We could not find a significant relation between the tension and the range of motion or the muscle power in this study. The UCLA score was significantly higher in those patients who had less tension of a repaired rotator cuff. We have to be careful not to put too much tension on the rotator cuff when we repair it. Too much tension might damage the muscles and musclotendious units of the rotator cuff or fail to unite the cuff to the bone, resulting in dysfunction of the rotator cuff postoperatively. Then, how much is "too much"? Only a few papers have described the details of the tension of a repaired cuff. Our results show that the lower the UCLA score in patients with a higher tension of the repaired cuff. These results suggest that the tension of the repaired cuff, indeed, changes the results of a rotator cuff repair.
